{"id":4684,"date":"2021-03-11T14:52:24","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T13:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iefc.net\/?p=4684"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:36:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:36:34","slug":"reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/pt\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/","title":{"rendered":"REINFFORCE Arboretums: Dispositivos sentinelas contra agentes patog\u00e9nicos a n\u00edvel europeu."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4700\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/reinfforce-5-3\/\" class=\"wp-image-4700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-2-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4701\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/reinfforce-2s-3\/\" class=\"wp-image-4701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-2.jpg 427w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-2-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-2-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre 2011 e 2013, gra\u00e7as ao projeto REINFFORCE do programa Interreg Espa\u00e7o Atl\u00e2ntico, foi criado um conjunto de 38 arboretos de 32 esp\u00e9cies florestais encontradas ao longo da fachada atl\u00e2ntica europeia (da Esc\u00f3cia a Portugal) provenientes de diferentes origens. O objetivo era observar o seu crescimento, fenologia e estado relativamente ao impacto que diferentes pragas e doen\u00e7as poderiam ter sobre elas em diferentes climas europeus para conhecer o seu poss\u00edvel comportamento futuro. A ideia era, no contexto das altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas, alterar a vari\u00e1vel tempo para a vari\u00e1vel espa\u00e7o, com base na premissa de que o clima futuro em algumas regi\u00f5es europeias ser\u00e1 semelhante ao que outras regi\u00f5es do continente t\u00eam atualmente. No Pa\u00eds Basco foram estabelecidos 5 arboretos: um em Albina (Araba), um em Irisasi (Gipuzkoa) e tr\u00eas em Unbemendi (Bizkaia). Entre 2018 e 2019 houve um grande surto de doen\u00e7as causadas por tr\u00eas agentes patog\u00e9nicos:<em> Lecanosticta acicola<\/em> (doen\u00e7a&nbsp;das manchas castanhas das agulhas), <em>Dothistroma septosporum<\/em> e <em>D. pini<\/em> (doen\u00e7a dos an\u00e9is vermelhos) em povoamentos de pinheiro Monterrey &nbsp;(Pinus <em>radiata)<\/em>&nbsp; e pinheiro-lar\u00edcio <em>(Pinus nigra)<\/em> no Pa\u00eds Basco. Recentemente, verificou-se que alguns dos pinheiros plantados nos arboretos REINFFORCE nesta regi\u00e3o apresentavam sintomas de desfolha e descolora\u00e7\u00e3o compat\u00edveis com estas doen\u00e7as. Por isso, entre 2019 e 2020 foi estudada a sensibilidade a doen\u00e7as causadas por estes agentes nas diferentes esp\u00e9cies de pinheiros plantadas nestes&nbsp; arboretos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nos tr\u00eas arboretos podem encontrar-se oito esp\u00e9cies de pinheiros com proveni\u00eancias de entre 3 a 11 origens distintas perfazendo um total de 42 origens. Estas foram 4 origens de <em>P. brutia<\/em> Ten. (Alexandr\u00f3polis, Gr\u00e9cia; &nbsp;Marmaris, Turquia; Touro, Turquia; var. Crimeia), 2&nbsp; por <em>P. elliottii<\/em> Engelm.&nbsp; (Ge\u00f3rgia, EUA; Louisiana, EUA), 9 por <em>P. nigra<\/em> Arnold (Cazorla Alcaraz,&nbsp; Espanha;&nbsp; Les Barnes Sivens, Fran\u00e7a; Sistema Ib\u00e9rico Meridional, Espanha;&nbsp;&nbsp; Slogne Vayri\u00e9res, Fran\u00e7a; subsp.&nbsp; laricio VAR. c\u00f3rsica , haute serre pomarde sementes,&nbsp; Fran\u00e7a; subsp.&nbsp; salzmannii, Soria, Espanha; subsp.&nbsp; laricio VAR. Calabrica, Les Barnes-Sivens ,Fran\u00e7a; subsp.&nbsp; salzmannii \u2013 ES07b \u2013 Sistema Ib\u00e9rico Meridional, Sur de Cuenca, Espanha), 7 por <em>P. pinaster<\/em> Ait. (Cordal de Loba, Espanha; Leiria, Portugal;&nbsp; Mimizan, Landes, Fran\u00e7a; Picard, Lande Corse, Fran\u00e7a; Serrania de Cuenca, Espanha; Serra de Gredos, Espanha; Tamjout, Marrocos), 6 por <em>P. pinea<\/em> L. (It\u00e1lia; R\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne, Fran\u00e7a; Tietar e&nbsp; Alberche Valleys, Espanha; Vendas Novas, Portugal; ES A \u2013 Biar \u2013 Espanha; M\u00e1laga &#8211; Espanha), 3 por <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> Douglas ex C. Lawson (Oregon,EUA; Rochosas do Sul, EUA; Calif\u00f3rnia Central, EUA), 8 P. sylvestris L. (ES10 \u2013 Serra de Guadarrama \u2013 Espanha; 5, Severozapadna \u2013 Eslov\u00e1quia; Turquia;&nbsp; Pinhal da Pedra Bela \u2013 Portugal; Esc\u00f3cia &#8211; Reino Unido (204);&nbsp; Taborz, Polland Haute Serre &#8211; Pomar de Sementes Francesas; ES12 \u2013 Montes Universales \u2013 Espanha; Haguenau Vayriere &#8211; Fran\u00e7a) e 3 por <em>P. taeda<\/em> L. (Hardiness Zone Georgia Seed Orchard \u2013 EUA; Sul da Calif\u00f3rnia \u2013 EUA; Virg\u00ednia \u2013 EUA).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As \u00e1rvores foram avaliadas visualmente na primavera de 2019-2020 para registo de sintomas. Foram recolhidas amostras de aciculas procedendo-se ao isolamento sempre que poss\u00edvel. Foram realizadas an\u00e1lises moleculares em&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00e1rvores com e sem sintomas tendo sido efetuados testes de PCR (PCR, RTPCR e sequencia\u00e7\u00e3o) para determinar a presen\u00e7a de <em>L. acicola,<\/em> <em>D. septospurum<\/em> e <em>D. pini<\/em> . Um total de 113 pinheiros apresentaram sintomas de doen\u00e7a; 42 em Albina, 18 em Irisasi e 53 em Umbemendi. O <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> foi de longe a esp\u00e9cie com mais casos positivos (68%) seguido pelo <em>P. brutia<\/em> (38%), <em>P. nigra<\/em> (12%) e P. <em>elliottii<\/em> (7,7%). As esp\u00e9cies <em>P. pinaster, P. pinea, P. sylvestris e P. taeda n\u00e3o apresentaram sintomas nos tr\u00eas arboretos.<\/em>Das 113 \u00e1rvores amostradas, 23 testaram positivo para <em>L. acicola<\/em> ou <em>D. septosporum.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Ao contr\u00e1rio de resultados anteriores, n\u00e3o foi encontrada mais do que uma esp\u00e9cie patog\u00e9nica a infectar uma mesma\u00e1rvore. Eugenia Iturritxa, Nebai Mesanza e Monica Hernandez relataram\u00a0 <em>a dete\u00e7\u00e3o de Lecanosticta acicola em Pinus br\u00fatia<\/em> com origem em Alexandropolis, Gr\u00e9cia e VAR. Eldarica, Crimeia), sendo esta uma nova esp\u00e9cie hospedeira deste agente patog\u00e9nico <em>\u00e0 escala global<\/em>. Pela primeira vez em Espanha, o agente<em> L. acicola<\/em> foi encontrado <em>em P. elliottii<\/em> (Ge\u00f3rgia, EUA) e P. <em>ponderosa<\/em> (Calif\u00f3rnia Central, EUA). Por sua vez o agente<em> Dothistroma septosporum<\/em> foi encontrado em <em>P. brutia<\/em> (Marmaris, Turquia), <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> (Oregon, EUA) e P. <em>nigra<\/em> (Slogne Vayri\u00e9res, Fran\u00e7a). Os arboretos REINFFORCE s\u00e3o ferramentas valiosas, constituindo dispositivos sentinela na dete\u00e7\u00e3o de esp\u00e9cies florestais sens\u00edveis a novos agentes patog\u00e9nicos (como estudado em <a href=\"https:\/\/homed-project.eu\/\">HOMED<\/a>), bem como agentes patog\u00e9nicos existentes. \u00c0 luz destes resultados, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel come\u00e7ar a escolher a origem das esp\u00e9cies florestais de interesse de modo a impedir que as doen\u00e7as comprometam o seu desenvolvimento em diferentes regi\u00f5es europeias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>por: Dr. Ander Arias Gonzales (NEIKER)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Entre 2011 e 2013, gra\u00e7as ao projeto REINFFORCE do programa Interreg Espa\u00e7o Atl\u00e2ntico, foi criado um conjunto de 38 arboretos de 32 esp\u00e9cies florestais encontradas ao longo da fachada atl\u00e2ntica europeia (da Esc\u00f3cia a Portugal) provenientes de diferentes origens. O objetivo era observar o seu crescimento, fenologia e estado relativamente ao impacto que diferentes pragas e doen\u00e7as poderiam ter sobre elas em diferentes climas europeus para conhecer o seu poss\u00edvel comportamento futuro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":4704,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,236,27,230],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives","category-biotic","category-iefc-newsletter","category-risk-management"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"pt","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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