{"id":4265,"date":"2020-12-22T11:42:46","date_gmt":"2020-12-22T10:42:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iefc.net\/?p=4265"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:36:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:36:36","slug":"how-to-accelerate-breeding-and-afforestation-efforts-with-valuable-conifers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/pt\/how-to-accelerate-breeding-and-afforestation-efforts-with-valuable-conifers\/","title":{"rendered":"How to accelerate breeding and afforestation efforts with valuable conifers?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Using somatic embryogenesis as a means to supply and mix adapted varieties in an economic way to encounter the climate crisis: the project MULTIFOREVER develops new strategies.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In a context that will require more and more specific plantable material in response to increasing demands, the selection process can be sped up in conifers using multi-varietal plantations. In such a strategy selected varieties are deployed in mixtures through an innovative vegetative propagation method, somatic embryogenesis, skipping the need for seed-orchards. This paper presents the main ideas and innovations from the MULTIFOREVER project and how it can contribute to tackle some of the actual forest sector challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Towards sustainable management of productive plantation forests<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The share of planted forest is continuously increasing to face the world\nsurge in demand for forest wood products (+50% by 2050; FAO), and thereby could\nsignificantly help to reduce the logging pressure on native forests. Within this\ntrend, intensively managed plantations are becoming the principal source of\nroundwood production (33%). The rapid growth, productivity and adaptability to both\na variety of ecological conditions and industrial processes, makes conifers currently\nthe main contributors to plantation forests. One major issue to sustain\nproductivity is to invest in genetic breeding of highly valuable species like\npine, larch, Douglas-fir or spruce. These conifers are still largely of natural\norigin and carry significant genetic diversity in their natural and bred\npopulations. High genetic gain can therefore be obtained for important traits\nafter each breeding cycle. But this is a quite slow process requiring a high-performance\nsystem for the deployment of improved varieties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traditionally, new varieties are produced in open-pollinated seed\norchards through sexual reproduction of selected trees (seed-based forestry).\nThis is a versatile, low-cost strategy but with significant delay to reach the\nsexual maturity of seed progenitors. Moreover, varietal performance is mostly assessed\nat the familial level; the performance of individual seedlings remains unknown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An alternative, complementary strategy would be to directly multiply any\nselected tree, true-to-type, through vegetative, asexual propagation methods\n(clonal propagation). In this way, varietal performance would be rated at both\nfamilial and individual (genotype) levels and directly delivered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A possible option for the future<\/a>, this strategy is called\nMulti-Varietal Forestry (MVF). The main advantages of MVF over seed-based\nforestry is that more genetic gain can be achieved per breeding cycle. Hence,\nbreeders and tree growers benefit from increased flexibility to cope with changing\nenvironmental and socio-economic issues, i.e. at each rotation new and better adapted\nvarieties can be used. More specifically, MVF provides a method to produce\ngenetic diversity of clonally propagated, elite varieties. After having defined\nthe genetic gain associated with mixtures of tested clones for a trait of\ninterest, the necessary genetic diversity in a clonal mix of elite, top-ranking\nclones can be set. Finally, the genetic gain can be optimized by choosing the\nbest combination of clones. This is how MVF can contribute to the sustainable\nmanagement of productive plantation forests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MULTIFOREVER’s tool: vegetative propagation of conifer varieties through somatic embryogenesis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

At the mature stage (the time when valuable traits are expressed), most\nconifers are resistant to conventional clonal propagation through cuttings. MULTIFOREVER<\/a> is focused on developing somatic embryogenesis (SE) as a\npowerful, alternative vegetative propagation method (in vitro process) to\naccess the multiplication of tested trees. Currently the most advanced SE\ntechnology allows high-throughput multiplication of seed embryos. Several steps\nhave to be controlled, from initiation and multiplication of embryogenic tissue\n(immature somatic embryos), to production of mature embryos and conversion to\nsomatic plants similar to standard seedlings. One main issue is that embryogenic\ntissues can be easily cryopreserved at ultra-low temperature at the  juvenile stage while somatic plants obtained\nfrom these tissues are field tested. After the evaluation period, the best\ntrees of various backgrounds can be multiplied by SE from the cryostock. SE\ntherefore provides an access to the retroactive vegetative propagation of\nselected trees. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

International, application-oriented collaborative research efforts in\nthe frame of MULTIFOREVER may allow careful selection and cost-effective, rapid\ndeployment (and turn-over) in plantation forests of elite trees expressing\nnatural or induced adaptation response to environmental stress and providing sustained\nproductivity in wood biomass. We are focused on a number of valuable species with\nongoing strong breeding programs in Europe (European and hybrid larches, Norway\nspruce, Douglas-fir, maritime, loblolly and radiata pines) and Argentina (loblolly\nand hybrid slash x Caribbean pines).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overall aim of MULTIFOREVER is to develop in EU and Argentina a\nvalue-added chain and joint strategy to bring high-quality SE trees at competitive costs into plantation forests to enable MVF.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some significant MULTIFOREVER achievements<\/a>to date:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Despite of the lockdown, we were able to\nexchange young SE plants between different countries and to establish demonstration\nplots<\/a> for multi-clonal as well as seed-standard mixtures\nfor several species (Douglas-fir, hybrid larch, Norway spruce). These trials could prefigure the first\ncross-European perspective for conifer MVF based on SE<\/strong>. We hope to reach\nand convince foresters, plant producers and land owners by demonstrating the\npotential of our plantation strategy, which also deals with climate change. With\nSE-supported forestry, breeding could be massively shortened as we can draw on cryopreserved\nclone collections from directed crosses of selected progenitors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Furthermore, we can advance our SE-system using different approaches:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I) exposing somatic embryos to temperature stress at an early stage (\u2018priming\u2019) so they form a kind of memory during their development and exhibit later (at the stage of growing plants) tolerance to abiotic stress, like drought. Promising results have been obtained in a pine species<\/a> with huge potential benefits to breeders for inducing new traits<\/strong> that would be very useful to cope with climate change. Understanding the priming mechanisms (ongoing with several accepted MULTIFOREVER scientific publications) would enable the development of new \u2018breeding\u2019 tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II) we will try to directly multiply mature trees \u2013 by this, valuable time could be saved by multiplying trees with known characteristics such as already \u2018tolerant\u2019 trees to biotic or abiotic stress. New, adapted varietes would be available more quickly<\/strong>. The possibility to obtain embryos from vegetative explants like buds has been already demonstrated in spruce (Varis et al. 2018<\/a>); and now we are studying genetic factors affecting SE-initiation to be able to better understand what triggers the process and to enhance it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

III) some SE in vitro steps are still expensive under laboratory conditions. We are developing bioreactor culture systems to make the SE-process more effective and scaled-up. In addition we are looking for automation to reduce the need for manual labor at some steps. The expected benefits would be a reduction in the production costs of somatic plants to make it competitive <\/strong>with that of a conventional seedling. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interested in further details? Please, contact us!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrea Rupps (andrea.rupps@hu-berlin.de<\/a>) & Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Trontin (jean-francois.trontin@fcba.fr<\/a>) Co-coordinators of MULTIFOREVER <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n

Towards intensification of conifer production thourgh multi-varietal forestry based on somatic embryogenesis
<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/multiforever.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

(under construction)<\/em><\/p>\n

MULTIFOREVER is a Consortium born from <\/em>the networking activities of the IUFRO 2.09.02 Unit<\/a>.
It involves 7 expert teams in conifer SE from 6 countries in Europe and Argentina.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n
France
<\/strong><\/figure><\/div>
<\/td>
Germany<\/strong><\/td>
Argentina<\/strong><\/td>		Finland<\/strong><\/td>Spain<\/strong><\/td>Sweden<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\"\"<\/figure><\/td>
\"\"<\/figure><\/td>
\"\"<\/figure><\/td>
\"\"<\/figure><\/td>
\"\"<\/figure><\/td>
\"\"<\/figure><\/td><\/tr>
J.-F. Trontin<\/a>
M.-A. Lelu-Walter<\/a>
<\/td>		 A. Rupps<\/a> <\/td> M.A. Gauchat<\/a> <\/td>T. Aronen<\/a> <\/td>P. Moncale\u00e1n<\/a> <\/td>U. Egertsdotter<\/a> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

Project MULTIFOREVER is supported under the umbrella of ERA-NET Cofund \u2018ForestValue \u2013 Innovating forest-based bioeconomy\u2019 by ANR (FR), FNR (DE), MINCyT (AR), MINECO-AEI (ES), MMM (FI) and VINNOVA (SE). <\/em>ForestValue<\/em><\/a> has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement N\u00b0773324<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Authors: Jean-Francois Trontin (FCBA), Juliane Raschke (HUB), Paloma Moncale\u00e1n (NEIKER), Andrea Rupps (HUB)<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Using somatic embryogenesis as a means to supply and mix adapted varieties in an economic way to encounter the climate crisis: the project MULTIFOREVER develops new strategies. 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