{"id":3439,"date":"2020-04-10T16:50:50","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T14:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iefc.net\/?p=3439"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:37:22","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:37:22","slug":"genetics-to-the-rescue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/pt\/genetics-to-the-rescue\/","title":{"rendered":"Gen\u00e9tica para o resgate"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gest\u00e3o Florestal Sustent\u00e1vel num Mundo em Mudan\u00e7a – Uma Confer\u00eancia para Concluir a GenTree<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Membros do projeto GENTREE em frente \u00e0 Universidade de Avinh\u00e3o
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

O projeto GENTREE<\/a> de quatro anos teve como objetivo melhorar a gest\u00e3o dos recursos gen\u00e9ticos, melhorar o conhecimento das diversidades existentes e caracterizar o material gen\u00e9tico dispon\u00edvel.<\/p>\n

Este trabalho ser\u00e1 utilizado para planear a conserva\u00e7\u00e3o dos recursos gen\u00e9ticos a n\u00edvel europeu e para apoiar os programas de melhoramento gen\u00e9tico. A maioria dos esfor\u00e7os tem sido dedicada \u00e0 coleta de amostras de DNA e informa\u00e7\u00e3o fenol\u00f3gica de esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas comuns de interesse em toda Europa: Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris, Populus nigra, Quercus petraea, Abies alba, Pinus cembra, Pinus halepensis, Pinus nigra e Taxus baccata. A maioria das apresenta\u00e7\u00f5es feitas na confer\u00eancia final tiveram como objectivo identificar a capacidade das v\u00e1rias esp\u00e9cies\/prov\u00edncias\/fam\u00edlias para lidar com o clima futuro, assumindo que este \u00e9 mais seco e\/ou mais quente.<\/p>\n

Durante seu discurso de abertura, o coordenador do projeto, Bruno Fady, lembrou que a diversidade \u00e9 um componente chave da resili\u00eancia dos ecossistemas florestais e que ela precisa ser avaliada n\u00e3o apenas entre as esp\u00e9cies, mas tamb\u00e9m dentro das popula\u00e7\u00f5es de esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas.<\/p>\n

Numerosos estudos gen\u00e9ticos sobre todas as esp\u00e9cies listadas acima conclu\u00edram que os determinantes gen\u00e9ticos que explicam a capacidade adaptativa das \u00e1rvores individuais s\u00e3o complexos; ao mesmo tempo, h\u00e1 uma grande parte do genoma com muitos loci envolvidos nos processos que explicam a boa capacidade adaptativa dos indiv\u00edduos e, ao mesmo tempo, a plasticidade e as caracter\u00edsticas do local podem tornar a interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o muito complexa. Consequentemente, a liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre diversidade gen\u00e9tica e capacidade adaptativa n\u00e3o \u00e9 t\u00e3o clara. Por exemplo, um estudo grego que analisou amostras de todas as esp\u00e9cies GENTREE concluiu que o Pinus pinea com menor diversidade gen\u00e9tica \u00e9 a esp\u00e9cie mais pl\u00e1stica no grande gradiente clim\u00e1tico estudado. Alguns estudos tamb\u00e9m confirmaram que a estrutura gen\u00e9tica da popula\u00e7\u00e3o foi condicionada pela velocidade e modo de recoloniza\u00e7\u00e3o ap\u00f3s as glacia\u00e7\u00f5es, mas tamb\u00e9m pela boa heterogeneidade local dos s\u00edtios, especialmente nas zonas montanhosas, onde os s\u00edtios quentes e secos podem ser usados para seleccionar popula\u00e7\u00f5es interessantes.<\/p>\n

Em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 resist\u00eancia a doen\u00e7as bi\u00f3ticas, uma apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o centrada no freixo concluiu que o enriquecimento assistido da popula\u00e7\u00e3o com mudas de gen\u00f3tipos tolerantes poderia melhorar significativamente a resist\u00eancia dos povoamentos afetados pela deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o dos freixos.<\/p>\n

Um estudo baseado no IFN (National Forest Inventory) de A. Changenet sobre a mortalidade de \u00e1rvores mostrou que para todas as esp\u00e9cies os maiores danos ocorreram na borda da \u00e1rea de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, mas que, no entanto, estava presente em toda a \u00e1rea de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o da esp\u00e9cie, pondo em quest\u00e3o a teoria do desaparecimento de uma esp\u00e9cie simples na borda sul.<\/p>\n

Um dos grupos de trabalho do projeto concentrou-se mais nas medidas tomadas nos pa\u00edses para avaliar a percep\u00e7\u00e3o e o benef\u00edcio do trabalho gen\u00e9tico para a sociedade.<\/p>\n

Marcus Lindner fez uma apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o mostrando que os atores t\u00eam pouco conhecimento de todas as medidas de apoio \u00e0 adapta\u00e7\u00e3o em seus pa\u00edses e que onde h\u00e1 algum conhecimento, ele \u00e9 considerado insuficiente. Ele concluiu que para uma adapta\u00e7\u00e3o bem sucedida das florestas europeias \u00e0s altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio compreender melhor a liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre as pr\u00e1ticas de gest\u00e3o e a din\u00e2mica dos recursos gen\u00e9ticos florestais no contexto das altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas. Esse entendimento precisa ser comunicado aos atores e tomadores de decis\u00e3o em diferentes n\u00edveis, desde servi\u00e7os pr\u00e1ticos de manejo florestal at\u00e9 a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas nacionais.<\/p>\n

A \u00faltima apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o foi um t\u00f3pico proposto pelo pessoal do IEFC e teve como objetivo avaliar o benef\u00edcio econ\u00f3mico induzido pelo ganho gen\u00e9tico, a fim de demonstrar o alto valor agregado dos programas de melhoramento gen\u00e9tico para os propriet\u00e1rios florestais. Em toda a Europa, foram observados ganhos gen\u00e9ticos entre 7 e 40% no crescimento do pinho escoc\u00eas e do pinho mar\u00edtimo, como resultado de programas de melhoramento gen\u00e9tico. Mas ao calcular este ganho ao longo da dura\u00e7\u00e3o da rota\u00e7\u00e3o, o rendimento econ\u00f3mico aumenta muito mais: at\u00e9 60 ou 160%, dependendo dos locais e das estrat\u00e9gias de gest\u00e3o consideradas.<\/p>\n

Todos os v\u00eddeos das apresenta\u00e7\u00f5es est\u00e3o online<\/a>, assim como os cartazes<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Autor: Christophe Orazio (IEFC)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gest\u00e3o Florestal Sustent\u00e1vel num Mundo em Mudan\u00e7a – Uma Confer\u00eancia para Concluir a GenTree Membros do projeto GENTREE em frente \u00e0 Universidade de Avinh\u00e3o O projeto GENTREE de quatro anos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,231,229,232,241,27],"tags":[18,105,11,26,114,110,23,111,115,102,24,12,22,109,101,112,103,25,13,19,20,21,14,15,99,100,116,113,104],"class_list":["post-3439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives","category-climate-change","category-genetic-ressources","category-adaptation","category-breeding","category-iefc-newsletter","tag-abies-alba","tag-amelioration","tag-betula-pendula","tag-breeding","tag-conservacao","tag-conservacion","tag-conservation","tag-diversidad","tag-diversidade","tag-diversite","tag-diversity","tag-fagus-sylvatica","tag-genetic","tag-genetica","tag-genetique","tag-microeconomia","tag-microeconomie","tag-microeconomy","tag-picea-abies","tag-pinus-cembra","tag-pinus-halepensis","tag-pinus-nigra-and-taxus-baccata","tag-pinus-pinaster","tag-pinus-sylvestris","tag-populus-nigra","tag-quercus-petraea","tag-seleccao","tag-seleccion","tag-selection"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"pt","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGen\u00e9tica para o resgate - 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