{"id":29548,"date":"2026-01-27T09:30:49","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=29548"},"modified":"2026-02-03T10:11:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T09:11:33","slug":"introduction-of-the-pinewood-nematode-in-france-what-can-research-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/pt\/introduction-of-the-pinewood-nematode-in-france-what-can-research-do\/","title":{"rendered":"Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o do nem\u00e1todo do pinheiro em Fran\u00e7a: o que pode a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o fazer?"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n

A 3 de novembro de 2025, o nem\u00e1todo do pinheiro (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/em>) foi oficialmente detectado pela primeira vez em Fran\u00e7a. Esta primeira detec\u00e7\u00e3o ocorreu numa planta\u00e7\u00e3o no munic\u00edpio de Seignosse, a cerca de 600 km dos \u00faltimos locais conhecidos de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o em Espanha, na regi\u00e3o da Galiza. Este nem\u00e1todo, origin\u00e1rio da Am\u00e9rica do Norte, foi introduzido pela primeira vez em Portugal em 1999 e depois detetado em Espanha em 2008, 2010, 2016 e 2018, levando a medidas rigorosas de erradica\u00e7\u00e3o, em conformidade com as diretrizes europeias. Era, portanto, apenas uma quest\u00e3o de tempo at\u00e9 que este se propagasse \u00e0 regi\u00e3o das Landes de Gascogne, uma zona muito vulner\u00e1vel devido \u00e0 \u00e1rea extensa e \u00e0 continuidade do pinheiro mar\u00edtimo, esp\u00e9cie hospedeira do Monochamus galloprovincilis<\/em>, um besouro longic\u00f3rnio vetor do nem\u00e1todo naturalmente presente em Fran\u00e7a. Mas, apesar dos preparativos do setor florestal e das autoridades sanit\u00e1rias florestais para essa eventualidade, o an\u00fancio da chegada do nem\u00e1todo a Fran\u00e7a \u00e9 motivo de grande preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o para os profissionais.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

O nem\u00e1todo provavelmente chegou a Fran\u00e7a na primavera de 2025, causando a morte r\u00e1pida das \u00e1rvores infectadas. O grande desafio do inverno que se aproxima \u00e9 prevenir a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de novos insetos vetores que poderiam se propagar na pr\u00f3xima primavera e espalhar a epidemia para o resto da regi\u00e3o de Landes. Para isso, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio detectar e tratar todas as \u00e1rvores sintom\u00e1ticas antes do surgimento das larvas de Monochamus<\/em> que possam estar nelas. O decreto prefectorial de 4 de novembro de 2025 delimitou uma zona infestada e uma zona tamp\u00e3o com raios de 500 m e 20 km, respetivamente, em torno do foco, onde se aplicam medidas de erradica\u00e7\u00e3o do nem\u00e1todo e de restri\u00e7\u00e3o das atividades florestais, em conformidade com os regulamentos europeus e o plano nacional de combate. O DSF refor\u00e7ou essas amostragens para detectar novos focos de infec\u00e7\u00e3o e os profissionais est\u00e3o prontos para destruir os indiv\u00edduos positivos por tritura\u00e7\u00e3o ou tratamento em autoclave da madeira. Neste contexto de crise, o que a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica pode oferecer para apoiar a luta no terreno pelos profissionais do setor?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Figura 1: Cartografia da \u00e1rea delimitada do foco do nem\u00e1todo do pinheiro, DRAAF Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 04\/11\/2025<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

H\u00e1 d\u00e9cadas que s\u00e3o realizados numerosos estudos para melhorar a compreens\u00e3o das din\u00e2micas de propaga\u00e7\u00e3o em Portugal, a capacidade de dete\u00e7\u00e3o do vetor e do nem\u00e1todo, mas tamb\u00e9m para compreender melhor a sensibilidade das diferentes esp\u00e9cies resinosas ao nem\u00e1todo e as possibilidades de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de resist\u00eancia atrav\u00e9s da melhoria gen\u00e9tica. As novas tecnologias tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o promissoras para tornar mais r\u00e1pidos e eficazes os m\u00e9todos de dete\u00e7\u00e3o e vigil\u00e2ncia de pragas florestais. Este \u00e9 o tema do projeto de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o europeu FORSAID<\/a>, que teve in\u00edcio em 2024 sob a coordena\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade de P\u00e1dua e do qual o IEFC e o INRAe s\u00e3o parceiros. Este projeto, que re\u00fane institutos de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e empresas privadas de 10 pa\u00edses, tem como objetivo desenvolver novas tecnologias, incluindo IA, para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o, dete\u00e7\u00e3o e vigil\u00e2ncia de pragas de quarentena europeias. O nem\u00e1todo do pinheiro, classificado como pragas de quarentena priorit\u00e1rias pela Comiss\u00e3o Europeia, faz parte dos organismos visados pelo projeto. Este \u00faltimo adaptou imediatamente o calend\u00e1rio das suas atividades de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o para responder rapidamente a esta atualidade sanit\u00e1ria.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Assim, o projeto ir\u00e1 realizar uma s\u00e9rie de a\u00e7\u00f5es de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o para desenvolver o conjunto de ferramentas de monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 disposi\u00e7\u00e3o dos intervenientes do setor. Modelos de intelig\u00eancia artificial ser\u00e3o aplicados a dados de teledete\u00e7\u00e3o para localizar mais rapidamente \u00e1rvores em decl\u00ednio em grandes \u00e1reas. Um voo realizado logo ap\u00f3s o an\u00fancio da descoberta do pat\u00f3geno pela prefeitura na zona contaminada permitiu coletar uma ortofoto para aplicar esse m\u00e9todo e apoiar os servi\u00e7os de prote\u00e7\u00e3o florestal. Armadilhas inteligentes, combinadas com an\u00e1lise avan\u00e7ada de imagens, est\u00e3o a ser desenvolvidas para automatizar a dete\u00e7\u00e3o, a triagem e a transfer\u00eancia de dados de captura de insetos-alvo, incluindo o Monochamus<\/em>. Est\u00e3o a ser realizados testes para automatizar os procedimentos de dete\u00e7\u00e3o molecular, como o metabarcoding a partir de amostras de ADN ambiental (copas das \u00e1rvores, troncos, armadilhas), o que tornaria a dete\u00e7\u00e3o mais r\u00e1pida e sens\u00edvel, a baixos n\u00edveis de concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de ADN de uma infec\u00e7\u00e3o. O papel da ci\u00eancia participativa como complemento das ferramentas tradicionais de vigil\u00e2ncia tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e1 aprofundado. Um estudo demonstrou que 50% das primeiras dete\u00e7\u00f5es de esp\u00e9cies ex\u00f3ticas foram realizadas por plataformas participativas antes ou durante o ano da dete\u00e7\u00e3o oficial (Gonzalez-Moreno et al. 2024). O IEFC continua a contribuir para esta din\u00e2mica atrav\u00e9s da manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do servidor e da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o Silvalert<\/a>, que registou novos relat\u00f3rios espont\u00e2neos de pinheiros em decl\u00ednio pelos seus utilizadores em novembro.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Por fim, o IEFC \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel pela coordena\u00e7\u00e3o do comit\u00e9 europeu das partes interessadas no projeto, que re\u00fane atores envolvidos na monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o da sa\u00fade das florestas na Europa, tais como gestores e propriet\u00e1rios florestais, viveiristas, inspetores aduaneiros, decisores pol\u00edticos e, sobretudo, organismos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o vegetal. Esta abordagem multilateral deve permitir confrontar os avan\u00e7os do projeto com os atores no terreno, a fim de garantir que as suas expectativas sejam devidamente tidas em conta e maximizar o impacto destas novas ferramentas. A crise do nem\u00e1todo em Fran\u00e7a \u00e9, portanto, uma nova oportunidade para o IEFC exercer uma das suas principais miss\u00f5es: refor\u00e7ar as sinergias entre a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e os atores no terreno para aumentar a resili\u00eancia das florestas cultivadas na Europa.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Beno\u00eet de Guerry, IEFC<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Christelle Robinet, Nicolas Mariette, Ho\u00ebl Hotte, Marie Grosdidier, Herv\u00e9 Jactel et al. Risco de invas\u00e3o do nem\u00e1todo do pinheiro na Fran\u00e7a. Perspetivas futuras da estrat\u00e9gia de gest\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a do pinheiro, Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia Florestal (NIFoS), Coreia do Sul, outubro de 2023, Seul (Coreia), Coreia do Sul. hal-04277094<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00edaz, R., Frade, S. Cen\u00e1rio atual do nem\u00e1todo da madeira do pinheiro na Galiza (Espanha). <\/strong>Boletim informativo do IEFC de junho de 2025. https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/pt\/current-scenario-of-the-pine-wood-nematode-in-galicia-spain\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Regional de Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Agricultura e Florestas. Decreto relativo ao estabelecimento de uma zona regulamentada na sequ\u00eancia da dete\u00e7\u00e3o de Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, nem\u00e1todo do pinheiro, no departamento das Landes. 4 de novembro de 2025. https:\/\/draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/ap_raa_33_special_no2025-286.pdf<\/a> Gonz\u00e1lez-Moreno, Pablo & An\u0111elkovi\u0107, Ana & Adriaens, Tim & Botella, Christophe & Demetriou, Jakovos & Bastos, Rita & Bertolino, Sandro & L\u00f3pez Ca\u00f1izares, Celia & Essl, Franz & Fiser, Ziva & Glavendeki\u0107, Milka & Herremans, Marc & Hulme, Philip & Jani, Viola & Katsada, Dimitra & Kleitou, Periklis & La Porta, Nicola & Lapin, Katharina & L\u00f3pez-Darias, Marta & Pocock, Michael. (2024). As plataformas de ci\u00eancia cidad\u00e3 podem apoiar eficazmente a dete\u00e7\u00e3o precoce de esp\u00e9cies ex\u00f3ticas invasoras de acordo com as caracter\u00edsticas das esp\u00e9cies. Pessoas e Natureza. 7. 278-294. 10.1002\/pan3.10767<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A 3 de novembro de 2025, o nem\u00e1todo do pinheiro (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) foi oficialmente detectado pela primeira vez em Fran\u00e7a. Esta primeira detec\u00e7\u00e3o ocorreu numa planta\u00e7\u00e3o no munic\u00edpio de Seignosse, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":29549,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"pt","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIntrodu\u00e7\u00e3o do nem\u00e1todo do pinheiro em Fran\u00e7a: o que pode a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o fazer? - 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