{"id":19429,"date":"2024-10-02T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T07:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=19429"},"modified":"2025-03-25T14:17:23","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T13:17:23","slug":"worldwide-tree-pulling-database-hosted-by-iefc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/pt\/worldwide-tree-pulling-database-hosted-by-iefc\/","title":{"rendered":"Base de dados mundial sobre o abate de \u00e1rvores, alojada pelo IEFC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Barry Gardiner e Suraj Kanwar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta base de dados re\u00fane dados de experi\u00eancias de arranque de \u00e1rvores que v\u00e1rios colegas em todo o mundo realizaram. At\u00e9 \u00e0 data, temos mais de 3000 conjuntos de dados de \u00e1rvores individuais de 10 pa\u00edses. Estes pa\u00edses s\u00e3o o Canad\u00e1, a Dinamarca, a Finl\u00e2ndia, a Fran\u00e7a, a Let\u00f3nia, a Nova Zel\u00e2ndia, o Jap\u00e3o, a Espanha, o Reino Unido e os EUA. Os dados podem ser descarregados e podem ser adicionados novos dados ou os dados existentes podem ser revistos por utilizadores registados, sendo que cada contribuidor mant\u00e9m a propriedade dos seus dados. Os dados podem ser acedidos aqui https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/infrastructures\/infrastructures-numeriques\/tree-pulling-database\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os dados obrigat\u00f3rios para carregar na base de dados s\u00e3o: “propriet\u00e1rio dos dados”, “identifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00fanica da \u00e1rvore”, “esp\u00e9cie de \u00e1rvore”, “pa\u00eds”, “di\u00e2metro da \u00e1rvore \u00e0 altura do peito (dbh<\/em>)”, “altura da \u00e1rvore”, “solo”, “latitude”, “longitude”, “momento de viragem total” e “modo de dano (rotura ou capotamento)”. H\u00e1 uma s\u00e9rie de outros dados que tamb\u00e9m podem ser carregados e que s\u00e3o pormenorizados no manual de carregamento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O arranque de \u00e1rvores \u00e9 o principal m\u00e9todo para determinar a resist\u00eancia das \u00e1rvores ao desenraizamento devido ao vento. A resist\u00eancia \u00e9 uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o do tamanho da \u00e1rvore (geralmente avaliado como peso do tronco, volume do tronco ou dbh2<\/sup> *height<\/em>), da esp\u00e9cie, do tipo de solo e da profundidade de enraizamento. O m\u00e9todo normal consiste em puxar a \u00e1rvore com um guincho a uma altura definida (normalmente metade da altura da \u00e1rvore) utilizando um guincho ligado a uma \u00e1rvore de ancoragem (Figura 1). A \u00e1rvore em causa \u00e9 puxada em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 \u00e1rvore de ancoragem (Figura 2) com o cabo de tra\u00e7\u00e3o preso \u00e0 \u00e1rvore em causa por uma funda de nylon (Figura 3) com inclin\u00f3metros colocados na altura da tra\u00e7\u00e3o e na base da \u00e1rvore (Figura 2) para estimar o momento de rota\u00e7\u00e3o adicional devido \u00e0 desloca\u00e7\u00e3o da copa e do tronco. A \u00e1rvore \u00e9 puxada lentamente com uma m\u00e1quina manual, el\u00e9ctrica (Figura 4), ou um guincho motorizado, at\u00e9 tombar, registando-se a for\u00e7a m\u00e1xima aplicada \u00e0 \u00e1rvore. A publica\u00e7\u00e3o mais importante sobre este m\u00e9todo \u00e9 a de Nicoll et al. (2006) e pode ser consultada aquihttps:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1139\/X06-072<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estes dados s\u00e3o depois utilizados para analisar a regress\u00e3o entre o peso do tronco (ou volume do tronco ou dbh<\/em>2<\/sup> *height<\/em>). O declive desta regress\u00e3o \u00e9 um par\u00e2metro-chave (Creg<\/sub><\/em> ) utilizado no modelo de risco e\u00f3lico ForestGALES (Locatelli et al., 2022) que \u00e9 utilizado para determinar o risco de danos causados pelo vento em povoamentos florestais ou \u00e1rvores individuais em povoamentos ou grupos de \u00e1rvores (Figura 5). Informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o modelo ForestGALES podem ser encontradas aqui https:\/\/www.forestresearch.gov.uk\/tools-and-resources\/fthr\/forestgales\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esperamos que as pessoas adicionem os seus dados \u00e0 base de dados e estejam dispostas a participar numa an\u00e1lise deste grande conjunto de dados \u00fanicos. A esperan\u00e7a \u00e9 que possamos determinar padr\u00f5es de resposta que permitam estimar a resist\u00eancia das \u00e1rvores ao desenraizamento em novas situa\u00e7\u00f5es (por exemplo, novas esp\u00e9cies ou tipo de solo) sem a necessidade de efetuar testes de arranque dispendiosos e demorados. Precisamos particularmente de dados sobre o arranque de folhosas e de experi\u00eancias de arranque em regi\u00f5es tropicais. Para contribuir, contactar Barry Gardiner ou o IEFC<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figura 1: (a) M\u00e9todo t\u00edpico de tra\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rvores (A) inclin\u00f3metros fixados na base da \u00e1rvore e a meia altura da \u00e1rvore; (B) c\u00e9lula de carga; (C) registador de dados; (D) guincho motorizado ligado \u00e0 \u00e1rvore de ancoragem por uma corda de nylon; (E) cabo do guincho entre o guincho e uma corda de nylon na \u00e1rvore de tra\u00e7\u00e3o; (F) \u00e1rvore de tra\u00e7\u00e3o; (G) \u00e1rvore de ancoragem. (b) Medi\u00e7\u00f5es utilizadas no c\u00e1lculo do momento cr\u00edtico de viragem: m, massa da \u00e1rvore; F, for\u00e7a aplicada pelo guincho; d, dist\u00e2ncia entre a \u00e1rvore de ancoragem e a \u00e1rvore de tra\u00e7\u00e3o; x, deslocamento horizontal da \u00e1rvore de tra\u00e7\u00e3o; l, altura do centro de massa no momento da carga m\u00e1xima; \u03b81<\/sub> , \u00e2ngulo do cabo do guincho em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 horizontal; \u03b82<\/sub> , \u00e2ngulo da base da \u00e1rvore no momento da carga m\u00e1xima; \u03b83<\/sub> , \u00e2ngulo da \u00e1rvore acima do ponto de fixa\u00e7\u00e3o no momento da carga m\u00e1xima. De Nicoll et al. (2006).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figura 2: Arranque de pinheiro radiata (Pinus radiata<\/em>) no Pa\u00eds Basco. Note-se os inclin\u00f3metros fixados no tronco (no lado que n\u00e3o \u00e9 puxado para evitar danos quando a \u00e1rvore cai).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figura 3: Fixa\u00e7\u00e3o do cabo de tra\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 \u00e1rvore em quest\u00e3o com uma funda de nylon. Um inclin\u00f3metro pode ser visto logo abaixo do ponto de tra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figura 4: Sistema de guincho el\u00e9trico personalizado para arrancar \u00e1rvores utilizando um guincho controlado \u00e0 dist\u00e2ncia a partir de um ve\u00edculo 4×4. Concebido por Didier Garrigou INRAE, Bord\u00e9us.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figura 5: Regress\u00f5es entre o peso do caule e o momento de viragem (resist\u00eancia m\u00e1xima ao desenraizamento) para o abeto de Sitka (Picea sitchensis<\/em>) numa gama de tipos de solo e profundidades de enraizamento. De Nicoll et al. (2006).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Refer\u00eancia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Locatelli, T., Hale, S., Nicoll, B., & Gardiner, B. (2022). The ForestGALES wind risk model and the fgr R package<\/em> (Vol. 1). https:\/\/www.forestresearch.gov.uk\/tools-and-resources\/fthr\/forestgales\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nicoll, B. C., Gardiner, B. A., Rayner, B., & Peace, A. J. (2006). Anchorage of coniferous trees in relation to species, soil type, and rooting depth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research<\/em>, 36<\/em>(7), 1871\u20131883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/x06-072<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Barry Gardiner e Suraj Kanwar Esta base de dados re\u00fane dados de experi\u00eancias de arranque de \u00e1rvores que v\u00e1rios colegas em todo o mundo realizaram. At\u00e9 \u00e0 data, temos mais […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":19575,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[237,230],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abiotic","category-risk-management"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"pt","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBase de dados mundial sobre o abate de \u00e1rvores, alojada pelo IEFC - 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