{"id":11753,"date":"2023-04-26T16:38:32","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T14:38:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=11753"},"modified":"2023-11-17T14:13:32","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T13:13:32","slug":"malgre-le-risque-incendie-laustralie-veut-planter-400-000ha-de-foret-dici-2050","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/pt\/malgre-le-risque-incendie-laustralie-veut-planter-400-000ha-de-foret-dici-2050\/","title":{"rendered":"Apesar do risco de inc\u00eandio, a Austr\u00e1lia quer plantar 400 000 hectares de floresta at\u00e9 2050"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8cf370e7 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Entre o aumento da procura de madeira, a dificuldade em cumprir os objectivos nacionais de redu\u00e7\u00e3o das emiss\u00f5es de carbono e a press\u00e3o dos ambientalistas, que conseguiram a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de todo o abate de madeira nas florestas nativas, que representam a maior parte dos 134 milh\u00f5es de hectares de florestas da Austr\u00e1lia, o governo federal est\u00e1 a reactivar os incentivos \u00e0 planta\u00e7\u00e3o de florestas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">As planta\u00e7\u00f5es, que beneficiam desde h\u00e1 25 anos de fortes incentivos fiscais por parte do estado, representam atualmente, e ap\u00f3s os grandes inc\u00eandios de 2019-2020, apenas 1,7 milh\u00f5es de ha, divididos entre o eucalipto (cerca de 0,7 milh\u00f5es de ha) que produz fibras em rota\u00e7\u00e3o curta e o pinheiro (cerca de 1,0 milh\u00f5es de ha) que produz em rota\u00e7\u00f5es de 35 anos, madeira estrutural dom\u00e9stica). A propor\u00e7\u00e3o de pinheiro radiata (30M3\/ha\/ano) est\u00e1 a tornar-se maiorit\u00e1ria, com as planta\u00e7\u00f5es de pinheiro mar\u00edtimo (15m3\/ha) usualmente instaladas em localiza\u00e7\u00f5es cr\u00edticas de baixa pluviosidade, sendo progressivamente abandonadas devido ao rendimento superior das variedades melhoradas de pinheiro radiata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">O programa de melhoramento gen\u00e9tico do pa\u00eds encontra-se sob al\u00e7ada de uma empresa privada de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de plantas [www.treebreeding.com], totalmente financiado por todas as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es privadas envolvidas em planta\u00e7\u00f5es de pinheiro radiata e eucalipto globulus. Este programa conduziu a um aumento da produtividade de 20-25% em duas gera\u00e7\u00f5es e meia, para ambas as esp\u00e9cies. Para o pinheiro radiata, este ganho \u00e9 estimado com base num \u00edndice composto &#8211; correspondente ao valor de mercado da madeira em p\u00e9 &#8211; que combina o crescimento, a forma, a densidade da madeira e a ramifica\u00e7\u00e3o. O objectivo da empresa \u00e9 de lan\u00e7ar continuamente no futuro variedades com ganhos de volume de 1% por ano, sem comprometer as outras caracter\u00edsticas do \u00edndice composto. O futuro dos recursos madeireiros australianos residem, portanto, no pinheiro radiata, que n\u00e3o apresenta problemas sanit\u00e1rios importantes neste continente, e na intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o da sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o por todos os meios. Os trabalhos de selec\u00e7\u00e3o do pinheiro bravo foram interrompidos, devido ao facto de esta esp\u00e9cie ser preferida para regi\u00f5es com pluviosidade inferior a 700 mm\/ano, com restri\u00e7\u00f5es a um n\u00edvel de produ\u00e7\u00e3o elevado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">O Estado disp\u00f5e de grandes reservas de terras, grande parte das quais convertidas em parques nacionais (zonas selvagens); n\u00e3o podem ser vendidos, mas podem ser arrendadas, e muitos investidores, frequentemente americanos, est\u00e3o interessados nestas. A disponibilidade limitada de terras para floresta\u00e7\u00e3o continua a ser um problema, tanto para os pequenos operadores como para os grandes investidores internacionais que utilizam estas planta\u00e7\u00f5es para melhorar o balan\u00e7o de carbono das suas carteiras financeiras, procurando simultaneamente um retorno imediato desligado de outros investimentos tradicionais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">A decis\u00e3o do governo federal de suspender, em 2023, a explora\u00e7\u00e3o das florestas nativas de eucalipto, das quais 28 milh\u00f5es de hectares s\u00e3o considerados explor\u00e1veis (incluindo 8 milh\u00f5es de hectares com elevado potencial) &#8211; geridos por corte progressivo e regenera\u00e7\u00e3o natural, numa revolu\u00e7\u00e3o de 60 a 100 anos &#8211; priva o pa\u00eds de 3,5 milh\u00f5es de metros c\u00fabicos de madeira para serra\u00e7\u00e3o, frequentemente de elevada qualidade (Karri, Jarrah Muayr, goma vermelha, freixo da montanha, goma man\u00e1) e muito sustent\u00e1vel. Nos melhores s\u00edtios, estes eucaliptos t\u00eam frequentemente mais de 50m de altura e podem atingir um di\u00e2metro de 3m aos 200 anos, o que corresponde a rendimentos superiores a 30m3\/HA\/ano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">A Austr\u00e1lia est\u00e1, portanto, em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de exportar mat\u00e9rias-primas, como aparas de madeira e pasta de papel, mas com apresentando um d\u00e9fice comercial que obriga o pa\u00eds a importar madeira em todas as suas formas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Para compensar a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de abate nas florestas aut\u00f3ctones, o Estado est\u00e1 a iniciar um ambicioso programa para planta\u00e7\u00e3o de mil milh\u00f5es de \u00e1rvores, ou seja, cerca de 400 000 ha at\u00e9 2050. Estas planta\u00e7\u00f5es, que se destinam em grande parte \u00e0 exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, s\u00e3o preferencialmente instaladas perto de portos, sendo tamb\u00e9m eleg\u00edveis para cr\u00e9ditos de carbono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">No entanto, o armazenamento de carbono \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o complexa no contexto australiano, em que o fogo tem transformado a &nbsp;floresta, desde que os abor\u00edgenes chegaram ao continente, h\u00e1 60 000 anos. A opress\u00e3o dos povos ind\u00edgenas levou a uma altera\u00e7\u00e3o do regime de inc\u00eandios nas florestas nativas, onde o combust\u00edvel era activamente gerido pelos abor\u00edgenes, que praticavam corta-fogos regulares de algumas centenas a milhares de hectares, com uma frequ\u00eancia de cerca de 10 anos. A fixa\u00e7\u00e3o de povoamentos levou a uma acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edvel, que resultou em grandes fogos de intensidade muito elevada, excedendo um milh\u00e3o de hectares (1939, 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">The problem of fires impacts the insurance possibilities for plantations. Despite the prevention measures implemented (rigorous brush clearance) and fire fighting measures purchased by the plantation owners, it has been observed that on average 0.3% of plantations burn each year, with peaks of 3-4% (1993, 2009, 2020), which seems to constitute the limit in terms of risk-taking that insurance companies are willing to bear. However, plantation forests burn less than native forests, which constitute a risk when they are adjacent to plantations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Tendo em conta a dimens\u00e3o do pa\u00eds, a solu\u00e7\u00e3o preventiva mais eficaz neste ecossistema dominado por florestas naturais \u00e9 a generaliza\u00e7\u00e3o do fogo controlado. No entanto, a \u00e1rea de fogo controlado actualmente realizada anualmente, ou seja, cerca de 200 000 ha, \u00e9 muito inferior \u00e0 \u00e1rea necess\u00e1ria para manter o risco a um n\u00edvel aceit\u00e1vel. Seriam necess\u00e1rios, pelo menos, mais 100 000 ha. Alguns Estados est\u00e3o a transferir a gest\u00e3o dos combust\u00edveis para as popula\u00e7\u00f5es ind\u00edgenas, que possuem maior controlo sobre as condi\u00e7\u00f5es da combust\u00e3o. As planta\u00e7\u00f5es tamb\u00e9m podem ser sujeitas a fogo controlado, com excep\u00e7\u00e3o das planta\u00e7\u00f5es de pinheiro radiata, cujo sistema radicular \u00e9 intolerante ao fogo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Le-secteur-forestier-australien.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cf. nota da embaixada<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Informa\u00e7\u00f5es recolhidas durante a viagem ao Sul organizada pela GROUPAMA FORET &#8211; Membro do IEFC &#8211; Abril de 2023 &#8211; contactar Pascal Mayer pascal.mayer(at)groupama.fr<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cr\u00e9ditos: <a href=\"https:\/\/frenchmoments.eu\/australia-in-the-northern-hemisphere\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">frenchmoments.eu<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Entre o aumento da procura de madeira, a dificuldade em cumprir os objectivos nacionais de redu\u00e7\u00e3o das emiss\u00f5es de carbono e a press\u00e3o dos ambientalistas, que conseguiram a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":12262,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,108,231,237,233,230],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives","category-bioeconomy","category-climate-change","category-abiotic","category-mitigation","category-risk-management"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"pt","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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