{"id":4684,"date":"2021-03-11T14:52:24","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T13:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iefc.net\/?p=4684"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:36:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:36:34","slug":"reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/fr\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/","title":{"rendered":"Arboretums  REINFFORCE : Un r\u00e9seau de sentinelles pour la d\u00e9tection de nouveaux agents pathog\u00e8nes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-3-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4704\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/reinfforce-5-4\/\" class=\"wp-image-4704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-3-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-3-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-3-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4705\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/reinfforce-2s-4\/\" class=\"wp-image-4705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-3.jpg 427w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-3-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-3-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre 2011 et 2013, gr\u00e2ce au projet REINFFORCE du programme Interreg Atlantic Area, une collection de 38 arboretums d\u2019origines &nbsp;diff\u00e9rentes de 32 esp\u00e8ces foresti\u00e8res distinctes a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie le long de la fa\u00e7ade atlantique europ\u00e9enne (de l\u2019\u00c9cosse au Portugal). L\u2019objectif \u00e9tait d\u2019observer leur croissance, leur ph\u00e9nologie et l\u2019impact que les diff\u00e9rentes maladies et ravageurs pourraient avoir sur eux dans diff\u00e9rents climats europ\u00e9ens pour conna\u00eetre leur comportement futur possible. L\u2019id\u00e9e \u00e9tait, dans le contexte du changement climatique, de substituer la variable de temps \u00e0 la variable spatiale, \u00e9tant conscient que le climat futur dans certaines r\u00e9gions europ\u00e9ennes sera similaire \u00e0 celui d\u2019autres&nbsp; r\u00e9gions du continent actuellement. Au Pays Basque, 5 arboretums ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s : un \u00e0 Albina (Araba), un \u00e0 Irisasi (Gipuzkoa) et trois \u00e0 Unbemendi (Bizkaia). Entre 2018 et 2019, il y a eu une forte flamb\u00e9e de maladies <em>caus\u00e9es par le Lecanosticta acicola<\/em> (mildiou&nbsp;&nbsp; brun) <em>et dothistroma septosporum<\/em> et <em>D. pini<\/em> (feu bact\u00e9rien de l\u2019aiguille de la bande&nbsp; rouge) affectant les massifs forestiers de pin radiata (Pinus<em>radiata)<\/em>&nbsp; et de pin laricio <em>(Pinus nigra)<\/em> au Pays Basque.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; On a r\u00e9cemment observ\u00e9 que certains des pins plant\u00e9s dans les arboretums REINFFORCE en euskadi avaient des sympt\u00f4mes de d\u00e9foliation et de d\u00e9coloration correspondants \u00e0 ces maladies. Ainsi entre 2019 et 2020,&nbsp;&nbsp; une comparaison de la sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 ces maladies des diff\u00e9rentes provenances de pin pr\u00e9sente dans les arboretums a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les trois arboretums, entre 3 et 11 origines de chaque esp\u00e8ce de pins avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9es, soit un total de 42 origines.&nbsp; parmis ces provenanes on trouve 4 origines de <em>P. brutia<\/em> Ten. (Alexandropolis,&nbsp;&nbsp; Gr\u00e8ce;&nbsp;&nbsp; Marmaris, Turquie; Taureau, Turquie; var.&nbsp;&nbsp; Crim\u00e9e), 2&nbsp; de <em>P. elliottii<\/em> Engelm.&nbsp; (G\u00e9orgie, \u00c9tats-Unis; Louisiane, Etats-Unis), 9 par <em>P. nigra<\/em> Arnold (Cazorla Alcaraz,&nbsp; Espagne;&nbsp; Les Barnes Sivens, France; Syst\u00e8me Ib\u00e9rique M\u00e9ridional, Espagne;&nbsp;&nbsp; Slogne Vayri\u00e9res, France; subsp.&nbsp; laricio var.&nbsp;&nbsp; corsican, verger d\u2019arbres \u00e0 graines&nbsp; de Haute Serre, France; subsp.&nbsp; salzmannii, Soria, Espagne; subsp.&nbsp; laricio var. Calabrica, Les Barnes-Sivens, France; subsp.&nbsp; salzmannii \u2013 ES07b \u2013 Syst\u00e8me Ib\u00e9rique M\u00e9ridonal, Sud de Cuenca, Spain), 7 par <em>P. pinaster<\/em> Ait. (Cordal de Loba, Espagne; Leiria, Portugal;&nbsp; Mimizan, Landes, France; Picard, Lande Corse, France; Serrania de Cuenca, Espagne; Sierra de Gredos, Espagne; Tamjout, Maroc), 6 par <em>P. pinea<\/em> L. (Italie; R\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne, France; Vall\u00e9es de Tietar&nbsp; et d\u2019Alberche, Espagne; Vendas Novas, Portugal; ES A \u2013 Biar \u2013 Espagne; Malaga &#8211; Espagne), 3 par <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> Douglas ex C. Lawson (Oregon, \u00c9tats-Unis; Southern Rockies, \u00c9tats-Unis; Californie centrale, Etats-Unis), 8 P. sylvestris L. (ES10 \u2013 Sierra de Guadarrama \u2013 Espagne; 5, Severozapadna \u2013 Slovaquie; Turquie;&nbsp; Pinhal da Pedra Bela \u2013 Portugal; Ecosse &#8211; Royaume-Uni (204);&nbsp; Taborz, Polland Haute Serre &#8211; French Seeds Orchard; ES12 \u2013 Montes Universales \u2013 Espagne; Haguenau Vayriere &#8211; France) et 3 par <em>P. taeda<\/em> L. (Hardiness Zone Georgia Seed Orchard \u2013 Etats-Unis; Californie du Sud \u2013 \u00c9tats-Unis; Virginie \u2013 \u00c9tats-Unis). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les arbres ont fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une inspection visuelle au printemps 2019-2020 \u00e0 la recherche de sympt\u00f4mes. Des \u00e9chantillons d\u2019aiguilles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s et des isolements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9s, dans la mesure du possible. Des analyses mol\u00e9culaires des arbres pr\u00e9sentant des sympt\u00f4mes et des arbres qui ne les pr\u00e9sentaient pas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es et des tests PCR (PCR, RTPCR et s\u00e9quen\u00e7age) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9es pour d\u00e9terminer la pr\u00e9sence&nbsp; <em>de L. acicola,<\/em> <em>D. septospurum<\/em> et <em>D. pini<\/em>. Au total, 113 pins pr\u00e9sentaient des sympt\u00f4mes de la maladie; 42 \u00e0 Albina, 18 \u00e0 Irisasi et 53 \u00e0 Umbemendi. <em>P. ponderosa \u00e9tait<\/em> de loin l\u2019esp\u00e8ce ayant les d\u00e9tections les plus positives (68%) suivi de <em>P. brutia<\/em> (38%), <em>P. nigra<\/em> (12%) P. <em>elliottii<\/em> (7,7 %). <em>P. pinaster<\/em>, <em>P. pinea<\/em>, <em>P. sylvestris<\/em> et <em>P. taeda n\u2019ont<\/em> eu aucun sympt\u00f4me dans les trois arboretums. Sur les 113 arbres \u00e9chantillonn\u00e9s, 23 ont donn\u00e9 un r\u00e9sultat positif au test de d\u00e9pistage de <em>L. acicola<\/em> ou <em>D. septosporum.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contrairement aux r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, pas plus d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce pathog\u00e8ne n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9e infectant un arbre. Eugenia Iturritxa, Nebai Mesanza et Monica Hernandez rapportent que la\u00a0 <em>d\u00e9tection de Lecanosticta acicol<\/em>a sur <em>Pinus brutia<\/em> (Alexandropolis, Gr\u00e8ce et var. Eldarica, Crim\u00e9e), est la premi\u00e8re observation \u00a0de cet agent pathog\u00e8ne sur cette hote <em>\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale.<\/em> Pour la premi\u00e8re fois en <em>Espagne, L. acicola a<\/em> \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 <em>\u00e0 P. elliottii<\/em> (G\u00e9orgie, Etats-Unis) P. <em>ponderosa<\/em> (Californie centrale, Etats-Unis). <em>\u00a0Dothistroma septosporum a<\/em> \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 \u00e0 <em>P. brutia<\/em> (Marmaris, Turquie), <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> (Oregon, Etats-Unis) P. <em>nigra<\/em> (Slogne Vayri\u00e9res, France). Ces r\u00e9sultat d\u00e9montrent que les arboretums REINFFORCE sont des outils pr\u00e9cieux en tant que sentinelles pour d\u00e9tecter les ressources foresti\u00e8res sensibles aux nouveaux agents pathog\u00e8nes ainsi qu\u2019aux agents pathog\u00e8nes existants comme propos\u00e9 dans le projet <a href=\"https:\/\/homed-project.eu\/\">HOMED<\/a>. \u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de ces r\u00e9sultats, il est possible de commencer \u00e0 choisir les origines d\u2019esp\u00e8ces d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat dans lesquelles les maladies ne peuvent pas compromettre leur d\u00e9veloppement dans diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions europ\u00e9ennes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>par: Dr. Ander Arias Gonzales (NEIKER)<\/em><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Entre 2011 et 2013, gr\u00e2ce au projet REINFFORCE du programme Interreg Atlantic Area, une collection de 38 arboretums d\u2019origines  diff\u00e9rentes de 32 esp\u00e8ces foresti\u00e8res distinctes a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie le long de la fa\u00e7ade atlantique europ\u00e9enne (de l\u2019\u00c9cosse au Portugal). L\u2019objectif \u00e9tait d\u2019observer leur croissance, leur ph\u00e9nologie et l\u2019impact que les diff\u00e9rentes maladies et ravageurs pourraient avoir sur eux dans diff\u00e9rents climats europ\u00e9ens pour conna\u00eetre leur comportement futur possible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":4704,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,236,27,230],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives","category-biotic","category-iefc-newsletter","category-risk-management"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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