{"id":4242,"date":"2020-12-21T17:18:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-21T16:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iefc.net\/?p=4242"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:36:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:36:36","slug":"marche-de-la-gemme-de-pin-en-contexte-de-crise-sanitaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/fr\/marche-de-la-gemme-de-pin-en-contexte-de-crise-sanitaire\/","title":{"rendered":"March\u00e9 de la gemme de pin en contexte de crise sanitaire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les donn\u00e9es de commerce international de la gemme et des\nproduits de premi\u00e8re transformation que sont la colophane et la t\u00e9r\u00e9benthine ne\nsont pas toujours rendues transparentes par les douanes des diff\u00e9rents pays.\nPour cette raison, l\u2019un des objectifs du projet SustForest+<\/a>\nest d\u2019offrir une vue sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du march\u00e9 international aux acteurs\neurop\u00e9ens du secteur de la r\u00e9sine issue du gemmage des pins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 a eu un impact sur les \u00e9conomies du\nmonde entier et le march\u00e9 de la r\u00e9sine n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pargn\u00e9. Au cours du 2\u00e8me<\/sup>\ntrimestre 2020, le PIB de la plupart des pays occidentaux a diminu\u00e9 tandis que\ncelui de la chine a augment\u00e9 de 11,50% sur cette p\u00e9riode. Tandis que les\nvolumes de r\u00e9sine et de colophane export\u00e9s vers l\u2019Europe ont diminu\u00e9, les\nexportations vers l\u2019Asie ont largement augment\u00e9. Entre le second trimestre 2020\net le second trimestre 2019, les exportations de colophane du Br\u00e9sil vers la\nChine ont pratiquement doubl\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette croissance spectaculaire en contexte de crise\nsanitaire s\u2019inscrit dans une \u00e9volution plus profonde de l\u2019\u00e9conomie chinoise. Au\ncours des 20 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le pays a continuellement r\u00e9duit sa production\net sa participation en tant que fournisseur mondial de colophane et de\nt\u00e9r\u00e9benthine de gemme. Ce d\u00e9clin est li\u00e9 \u00e0 la faible productivit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes\nde gemmage utilis\u00e9s et \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation rapide des salaires en Chine. Malgr\u00e9\ncela, la Chine a augment\u00e9 la part de transformation de ces mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res\nen internes, devenant un exportateur de produits transform\u00e9s \u00e0 plus forte\nvaleur ajout\u00e9e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant ce temps, le Br\u00e9sil a doubl\u00e9 sa production de gemme\nau cours des 6 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019emploi de techniques efficaces, la\ns\u00e9lection g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de pins pour leur productivit\u00e9 en gemme et la disponibilit\u00e9\nd\u2019une main d\u2019\u0153uvre bon march\u00e9. Ce pays est ainsi devenu le premier exportateur mondial\nde r\u00e9sine, de colophane et de t\u00e9r\u00e9benthine issus du gemmage. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
For\u00eat de pins g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement am\u00e9lior\u00e9s en gemmage au Br\u00e9sil<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Europe a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une hausse du prix de la r\u00e9sine au\ncours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie pour augmenter sa production qui \u00e9tait quasiment\n\u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat, essentiellement en Espagne et au Portugal. Parall\u00e8lement, le gemmage\ns\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en France gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9canisation de l\u2019activit\u00e9 et la forte\nvalorisation sur des march\u00e9s de niche. Les niveaux de production de l\u2019Europe\ndemeurent tr\u00e8s faibles en comparaison avec la production mondiale et l\u2019activit\u00e9\nreste soumise \u00e0 la concurrence internationale. Toutefois, la demande croissante\nen produits renouvelables et durables des pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s sera susceptible de\nfavoriser \u00e0 l\u2019avenir ce march\u00e9 de produits \u00e0 faibles emprunte carbone. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il semble que les besoins croissants de la Chine en\ncolophane de gemme ne pourront pas uniquement \u00eatre compens\u00e9s par la croissance\nde ce secteur d\u2019activit\u00e9 au Br\u00e9sil. De faibles stocks de colophane dans le\nmonde pourraient entra\u00eener une hausse des prix. Dans le m\u00eame temps, l\u2019activit\u00e9\ndes papeteries a diminu\u00e9 en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, entrainant une r\u00e9duction\nde la distillation du Tall oil (r\u00e9sine obtenue comme sous-produit lors de la\nproduction du papier). La production de colophane de Tall oil, substitut\npossible de la colophane de gemme, a donc baiss\u00e9. Malgr\u00e9 ces facteurs\nfavorables au gemmage, le secteur continuera de ressentir la concurrence des\nr\u00e9sines d\u2019hydrocarbures vers lesquelles la Chine pourrait davantage s\u2019orienter\n\u00e0 l\u2019avenir, selon l\u2019\u00e9volution du prix du p\u00e9trole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Auteur : Armand Clopeau (IEFC)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


<\/a>Lien vers la note de conjecture<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les donn\u00e9es de commerce international de la gemme et des produits de premi\u00e8re transformation que sont la colophane et la t\u00e9r\u00e9benthine ne sont pas toujours rendues transparentes par les douanes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,108,27,239],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archives","category-bioeconomy","category-iefc-newsletter","category-non-wood-products"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":false,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMarch\u00e9 de la gemme de pin en contexte de crise sanitaire - 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