{"id":31494,"date":"2026-07-16T11:53:31","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T09:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=31494"},"modified":"2026-07-17T12:57:17","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T10:57:17","slug":"repensando-o-controlo-do-nematodo-do-pinheiro-em-florestas-em-declinio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/fr\/repensando-o-controlo-do-nematodo-do-pinheiro-em-florestas-em-declinio\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9examiner la lutte contre le n\u00e9matode du pin dans les for\u00eats en d\u00e9clin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-06b948355c83d296b7e79ab5a086aca7 wp-block-paragraph\">Le n\u00e9matode du pin (PWN), <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/em>, est un agent pathog\u00e8ne tr\u00e8s nuisible pour les pins. Le pin maritime (<em>Pinus pinaster<\/em>), en particulier, s&rsquo;est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 extr\u00eamement sensible, et les arbres d\u00e9p\u00e9rissants observ\u00e9s en for\u00eat dans les zones contamin\u00e9es abritent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des densit\u00e9s de n\u00e9matodes plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Cependant, comme le soulignent des travaux r\u00e9cents, le d\u00e9p\u00e9rissement des for\u00eats ne peut \u00eatre attribu\u00e9 uniquement au PWN : il reste difficile de distinguer ses effets directs de ceux d&rsquo;autres facteurs de stress biotiques et abiotiques. La maladie du d\u00e9p\u00e9rissement du pin (PWD, figure 1) appara\u00eet plut\u00f4t comme un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne multifactoriel influenc\u00e9 par la biologie des agents pathog\u00e8nes, la dynamique des vecteurs, les interactions entre les communaut\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res et le climat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Image-Rethinking-pinewood-nematode-control-in-declining-forests.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31496\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5315300528509996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Image-Rethinking-pinewood-nematode-control-in-declining-forests.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Image-Rethinking-pinewood-nematode-control-in-declining-forests-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Image-Rethinking-pinewood-nematode-control-in-declining-forests-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Image-Rethinking-pinewood-nematode-control-in-declining-forests-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ece715e98abc7893637e2d23b1213a04 wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><em><strong><em><strong>Figure 1\u00a0: <\/strong>Pins maritimes pr\u00e9sentant des sympt\u00f4mes de la maladie du d\u00e9p\u00e9rissement du pin.<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-718544600aa55afaf9bede57e4c40127 wp-block-paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 cette complexit\u00e9, les strat\u00e9gies europ\u00e9ennes de confinement et d&rsquo;\u00e9radication sont rest\u00e9es pratiquement inchang\u00e9es depuis pr\u00e8s de trois d\u00e9cennies, reposant principalement sur la d\u00e9tection et l&rsquo;\u00e9limination des arbres fl\u00e9tris et sur des hypoth\u00e8ses concernant la capacit\u00e9 de dispersion des vecteurs <em>Monochamus<\/em>. Si ces mesures offrent une simplicit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 largement critiqu\u00e9es pour s&rsquo;appuyer sur des estimations incertaines de la transmission et de la dispersion des vecteurs et pour n\u00e9gliger des aspects essentiels de la biologie du PWN. Il s&rsquo;agit notamment de la capacit\u00e9 du n\u00e9matode \u00e0 persister dans des arbres asymptomatiques, de la variation de la virulence, de la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;autres cycles de vie saprophytes et des fortes interactions avec le climat. La s\u00e9cheresse, en particulier, aggrave la gravit\u00e9 de la maladie du d\u00e9p\u00e9rissement du pin et devrait s&rsquo;intensifier sous l&rsquo;effet du changement climatique, mena\u00e7ant de submerger les syst\u00e8mes de confinement, comme cela s&rsquo;est d\u00e9j\u00e0 produit dans un pass\u00e9 r\u00e9cent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a21dab31e33638b77825db33b64b1d0e wp-block-paragraph\">La lutte ax\u00e9e sur les vecteurs a \u00e9galement tendance \u00e0 ignorer le contexte \u00e9cologique. Les interactions communautaires influencent fortement l&rsquo;abondance de <em>Monochamus<\/em> dans les arbres en d\u00e9clin, et les scolytes du pin sont souvent beaucoup moins courants qu&rsquo;on ne le suppose, puisqu&rsquo;ils ne sont pr\u00e9sents que dans moins d&rsquo;un tiers des pins d\u00e9p\u00e9rissants dans le sud-ouest du Portugal. Cela sugg\u00e8re qu&rsquo;une r\u00e9colte strat\u00e9gique et cibl\u00e9e des arbres \u00e0 haut risque pourrait r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement la propagation du PWN tout en n&rsquo;\u00e9liminant qu&rsquo;une fraction des arbres touch\u00e9s, ce qui permettrait de r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts et la surcharge du syst\u00e8me. Cependant, de telles approches n\u00e9cessitent une compr\u00e9hension plus approfondie des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences des h\u00f4tes vecteurs et de la phor\u00e9sie des n\u00e9matodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85750956094cbcc9236fea94f933b02a wp-block-paragraph\">Plus largement, la gestion du PWD refl\u00e8te un probl\u00e8me familier dans la politique de gestion des crises foresti\u00e8re : le recours \u00e0 des outils statiques, ax\u00e9s sur le confinement, qui privil\u00e9gient la documentation des dommages plut\u00f4t que la pr\u00e9vention. Apr\u00e8s 27 ans, des millions d&rsquo;euros investis et la propagation in\u00e9vitable du PWN du Portugal \u00e0 l&rsquo;Espagne et maintenant \u00e0 la France, il est de plus en plus \u00e9vident que les diagnostics et la coupe \u00e0 blanc ne suffisent pas. Alors que l&rsquo;Asie a fait progresser la recherche sur la r\u00e9sistance des h\u00f4tes et la lutte biologique, l&rsquo;Europe a h\u00e9sit\u00e9 \u00e0 accepter que le PWN n&rsquo;est plus un probl\u00e8me d&rsquo;\u00e9radication, mais un probl\u00e8me permanent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-842c56dba967458a7679999e9b23b780 wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 l&rsquo;avenir, l&rsquo;Europe doit passer d&rsquo;une tactique dilatoire \u00e0 une gestion adaptative \u00e0 long terme. L&rsquo;int\u00e9gration des principes \u00ab One Health \u00bb, en identifiant les r\u00e9servoirs, en r\u00e9visant le cycle de vie des agents pathog\u00e8nes, en tenant compte des voies de propagation \u00e0 longue distance et en actualisant les pr\u00e9visions en fonction de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution du climat et de l&rsquo;utilisation des sols, offre un moyen d&rsquo;aligner la science, la politique et la pr\u00e9vention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f1e62d0f448367876eeca7074279ee70 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#006633\"><em><em><em><strong><em><strong>David Pires<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><br>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Carla S. Pimentel,&nbsp;David Pires,&nbsp;Jo\u00e3o Camp\u00f4a,&nbsp;Jordana Branco,&nbsp;Raquel Marques,&nbsp;Manuel M. Mota&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Teresa Calv\u00e3o<br>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10658-025-03122-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Multiple factors associated with forest decline in the context of control measures for the pinewood nematode | European Journal of Plant Pathology | Springer Nature Link<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le n\u00e9matode du pin (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, est un agent pathog\u00e8ne tr\u00e8s nuisible pour les pins. Le pin maritime (Pinus pinaster), en particulier, s&rsquo;est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 extr\u00eamement sensible, et les arbres [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":31498,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iefc-newsletter"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","pt","es"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - 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