{"id":29980,"date":"2026-01-27T09:30:42","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=29980"},"modified":"2026-01-26T13:17:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T12:17:04","slug":"planted-scots-pine-using-improved-material-without-losing-genetic-base","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/fr\/planted-scots-pine-using-improved-material-without-losing-genetic-base\/","title":{"rendered":"Plantation de pins sylvestres : utilisation de mat\u00e9riel am\u00e9lior\u00e9 sans perte de la base g\u00e9n\u00e9tique"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n

Les for\u00eats bor\u00e9ales de conif\u00e8res sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des contraintes climatiques croissantes qui menacent leur productivit\u00e9 et leur r\u00e9silience. Dans les for\u00eats productives, la gestion durable des for\u00eats doit donc se concentrer non seulement sur la production de bois, mais aussi sur la pr\u00e9servation de la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, fondement de l’adaptabilit\u00e9. Le pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris<\/em> L.), une esp\u00e8ce cl\u00e9 de la sylviculture en Europe du Nord, fait depuis longtemps l’objet d’une s\u00e9lection syst\u00e9matique. Il est essentiel de comprendre comment l’utilisation de mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique am\u00e9lior\u00e9 affecte la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique afin de garantir la stabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme des for\u00eats futures.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Les recherches men\u00e9es dans le cadre du programme national de recherche letton n\u00b0 VPP-ZM-VRIIILA-2024\/2-0002 \u201cInnovation in Forest Management and Value Chain for Latvia’s Growth: New Forest Services, Products and Technologies (Forest4LV)<\/em>\u201d \u00e0 l’Institut national de recherche foresti\u00e8re letton \u00ab Silava \u00bb ont abord\u00e9 cette question \u00e0 travers des mod\u00e8les de simulation et des \u00e9tudes de terrain. Les r\u00e9sultats montrent que le mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 peut \u00eatre largement utilis\u00e9 pour augmenter la productivit\u00e9 sans menacer la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, \u00e0 condition que les sources de semences soient utilis\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Les analyses de simulation ont test\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentes strat\u00e9gies de reboisement au niveau du paysage, en faisant varier \u00e0 la fois la proportion de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de pin sylvestre \u00e9tablie avec du mat\u00e9riel provenant de vergers \u00e0 graines (0-100 %) et le nombre et les clones dans les vergers contributeurs. Plusieurs centaines d’arbres r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s naturellement et de mat\u00e9riel provenant de vergers \u00e0 graines (repr\u00e9sentant de 20 \u00e0 plus de 200 clones par verger) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9notyp\u00e9s pour servir de base de donn\u00e9es de simulation. Les r\u00e9sultats sugg\u00e8rent que m\u00eame si les peuplements de pins sylvestres plant\u00e9s dominent la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration future, la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique au niveau du paysage peut rester comparable \u00e0 celle de la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle tant que plusieurs vergers pr\u00e9sentant une composition clonale diversifi\u00e9e y contribuent. M\u00eame en utilisant des graines provenant du verger pr\u00e9sentant le moins de clones (20), l’h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotie attendue est rest\u00e9e \u00e0 95 % de celle observ\u00e9e dans la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle pure lorsque jusqu’\u00e0 deux tiers de la superficie totale simul\u00e9e de la for\u00eat de pins ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plant\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Les analyses ont \u00e9galement indiqu\u00e9 que les vergers \u00e0 graines de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, m\u00eame lorsqu’ils sont bas\u00e9s sur un nombre r\u00e9duit de clones, peuvent maintenir une diversit\u00e9 comparable \u00e0 celle des vergers de premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration plus grands (par exemple, 25 clones contre 90) lorsque leurs arbres parents repr\u00e9sentent une large gamme g\u00e9ographique. Le nombre de parents et leur origine sont donc essentiels pour maintenir l’adaptabilit\u00e9 dans des conditions changeantes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Des \u00e9tudes sur le terrain ont confirm\u00e9 ces r\u00e9sultats en d\u00e9montrant les performances du mat\u00e9riel des vergers \u00e0 graines pendant la rotation. Lors d’essais de semis direct m\u00e9canis\u00e9 sur des sols organiques, le mat\u00e9riel am\u00e9lior\u00e9 a donn\u00e9 de bons r\u00e9sultats. Les analyses g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques ont montr\u00e9 que 87 % des semis provenaient du verger \u00e0 graines six ans apr\u00e8s le semis, et que ces semis \u00e9taient plus grands et plus vigoureux, leur avantage augmentant avec l’\u00e2ge des peuplements. Cela d\u00e9montre que le mat\u00e9riel semencier am\u00e9lior\u00e9 reste g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement dominant et efficace en termes de croissance, m\u00eame dans des environnements difficiles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Figure 1 : Principales t\u00e2ches de recherche sur la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du pin sylvestre dans le cadre du programme national de recherche letton Forest4LV, combinant mod\u00e9lisation par simulation et \u00e9tudes sur le terrain de mat\u00e9riel reproductif am\u00e9lior\u00e9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Des essais \u00e0 long terme sur la descendance ont apport\u00e9 une confirmation suppl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 partir de peuplements plus anciens. Apr\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re \u00e9claircie \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge de 30 \u00e0 40 ans, qui a permis d’\u00e9liminer jusqu’\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 de la surface terri\u00e8re du peuplement, plus de 95 % des g\u00e9notypes maternels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conserv\u00e9s et l’h\u00e9ritabilit\u00e9 de la croissance a augment\u00e9. L’\u00e9claircissage a donc am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l’expression du potentiel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sans r\u00e9duire la base g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ensemble, ces \u00e9tudes montrent que le pin sylvestre g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 peut allier productivit\u00e9 et diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, garantissant ainsi son adaptabilit\u00e9. L’utilisation de lots de semences provenant de plusieurs vergers \u00e0 travers le paysage garantit que le reboisement \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle avec du mat\u00e9riel am\u00e9lior\u00e9 renforce, plut\u00f4t que r\u00e9duit, la r\u00e9silience des for\u00eats futures.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pauls Zelti\u0146\u0161<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pour en savoir plus sur le projet : www.silava.lv<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les for\u00eats bor\u00e9ales de conif\u00e8res sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des contraintes climatiques croissantes qui menacent leur productivit\u00e9 et leur r\u00e9silience. Dans les for\u00eats productives, la gestion durable des for\u00eats doit donc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":29896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[229,245],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genetic-ressources","category-biodiversity"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPlantation de pins sylvestres : utilisation de mat\u00e9riel am\u00e9lior\u00e9 sans perte de la base g\u00e9n\u00e9tique - 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