{"id":29548,"date":"2026-01-27T09:30:49","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=29548"},"modified":"2026-02-03T10:11:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T09:11:33","slug":"introduction-of-the-pinewood-nematode-in-france-what-can-research-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/fr\/introduction-of-the-pinewood-nematode-in-france-what-can-research-do\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction du n\u00e9matode du pin en France\u00a0: que peut faire la recherche\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n

Le 3 novembre 2025, le n\u00e9matode du pin (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/em>) a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement d\u00e9tect\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois en France. Cette premi\u00e8re d\u00e9tection est situ\u00e9e dans un peuplement de la commune de Seignosse, \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 600 km des derniers sites connus de contamination en Espagne, dans la r\u00e9gion de la Galice. Ce n\u00e9matode, originaire d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord, avait d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit au Portugal en 1999, puis d\u00e9tect\u00e9 en Espagne en 2008, 2010, 2016 et 2018, entra\u00eenant de lourdes mesures d\u2019\u00e9radication conform\u00e9ment aux lignes directrices europ\u00e9ennes. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait donc qu\u2019une question de temps avant que le vers ne se propage dans le massif des Landes de Gascogne, une zone en effet tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rable par l\u2019exceptionnelle surface et continuit\u00e9 du pin maritime, essence h\u00f4te du Monochamus galloprovincilis<\/em>, un longicorne vecteur du n\u00e9matode naturellement pr\u00e9sent en France. Mais malgr\u00e9 les pr\u00e9paratifs de la fili\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re et des autorit\u00e9s de la sant\u00e9 des for\u00eats \u00e0 cette \u00e9ventualit\u00e9, l\u2019annonce de l\u2019arriv\u00e9e du n\u00e9matode en France est source de beaucoup d\u2019inqui\u00e9tude pour les professionnels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Le n\u00e9matode est probablement arriv\u00e9 en France au printemps 2025, causant la mort rapide des arbres infect\u00e9s. Tout l\u2019enjeu de la p\u00e9riode hivernale qui vient est de pr\u00e9venir de la contamination de nouveaux insectes vecteurs qui pourraient se propager au printemps prochain et \u00e9tendre l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie au reste du massif landais. Pour cela, il faut d\u00e9tecter et traiter tous les arbres symptomatiques avant l\u2019\u00e9mergence des larves de Monochamus<\/em> qui peuvent s\u2019y trouver. L\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9 pr\u00e9fectoral du 4 novembre 2025 a d\u00e9limit\u00e9 une zone infest\u00e9e et une zone tampon de respectivement 500 m et 20 km de rayon autour du foyer o\u00f9 s\u2019appliquent les mesures d\u2019\u00e9radication du n\u00e9matode et de restriction des activit\u00e9s foresti\u00e8res, conform\u00e9ment aux r\u00e9glementations europ\u00e9ennes et au plan de lutte national. Le DSF a renforc\u00e9 ces pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements pour d\u00e9tecter de nouveaux foyers d\u2019infection et les professionnels se tiennent pr\u00eat \u00e0 d\u00e9truire les sujets positifs par broyage ou traitement autoclave des bois. Dans ce contexte de crise, que peut apporter la recherche scientifique pour appuyer la lutte de terrain par les professionnels de la fili\u00e8re ?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Figure 1 : Cartographie de la zone d\u00e9limit\u00e9e du foyer n\u00e9matode du pin, DRAAF Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 04\/11\/2025<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

De nombreuses \u00e9tudes sont men\u00e9es depuis des d\u00e9cennies pour am\u00e9liorer la\u00a0 compr\u00e9hension des dynamiques de propagation au Portugal, la capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9tection du vecteur et du n\u00e9matode, mais aussi mieux comprendre la sensibilit\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rentes essences r\u00e9sineuses au n\u00e9matode et les possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019acquisition d\u2019une r\u00e9sistance par l\u2019am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Les nouvelles technologies sont aussi prometteuses pour rendre plus rapides et efficaces les m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9tection et de surveillance des ravageurs forestiers. C\u2019est le sujet du projet de recherche europ\u00e9en FORSAID<\/a>, qui a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 2024 sous la coordination de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Padova et dont l\u2019IEFC et l\u2019INRAe sont partenaires. Ce projet r\u00e9unissant des instituts de recherche et entreprises priv\u00e9es provenant de 10 pays a pour objectif de d\u00e9velopper les nouvelles technologies dont l\u2019IA au service de l\u2019identification, la d\u00e9tection et la surveillance des ravageurs de quarantaine europ\u00e9en. Le n\u00e9matode du pin, class\u00e9 comme ravageur de quarantaine prioritaire par la Commission Europ\u00e9enne, fait partie des organismes cibl\u00e9s par le projet. Ce dernier a imm\u00e9diatement adapt\u00e9 le calendrier de ses activit\u00e9s de recherche pour r\u00e9pondre rapidement \u00e0 cette actualit\u00e9 sanitaire. <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ainsi, le projet va mener un certain nombre d\u2019actions de recherche pour d\u00e9velopper le panel d\u2019outils de surveillance \u00e0 la disposition des acteurs de la fili\u00e8r<\/a>e. Des mod\u00e8les d\u2019intelligence artificielles seront appliqu\u00e9s \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection pour localiser plus rapidement des arbres d\u00e9p\u00e9rissants sur de grandes surfaces. Un vol r\u00e9alis\u00e9 juste apr\u00e8s l\u2019annonce de la d\u00e9couverte du pathog\u00e8ne par la pr\u00e9fecture dans la zone contamin\u00e9e a permis de collecter une orthophoto pour y appliquer cette m\u00e9thode et appuyer les services de protection de la for\u00eat. Des pi\u00e8ges intelligents coupl\u00e9s \u00e0 de l\u2019analyse d\u2019image avanc\u00e9e sont mis au point pour automatiser la d\u00e9tection, le tri et le transfert des donn\u00e9es de capture pour des insectes cibles dont le Monochamus<\/em>. Des tests sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s pour automatiser les proc\u00e9dures de d\u00e9tection mol\u00e9culaire comme le m\u00e9tabarcoding \u00e0 partir d\u2019\u00e9chantillon d\u2019ADN environnementaux (canop\u00e9e, tronc, pi\u00e8ge), ce qui rendrait la d\u00e9tection plus rapide et sensible \u00e0 de faibles niveaux de concentration d\u2019ADN d\u2019un ravageur. Le r\u00f4le de la science participative comme compl\u00e9ment des outils traditionnels de surveillance sera \u00e9galement approfondi. Une \u00e9tude a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que 50% des premi\u00e8res d\u00e9tections d\u2019esp\u00e8ces exotiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es par des plateformes participatives avant ou pendant l\u2019ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9tection officielle (Gonzalez-Moreno et al. 2024). L\u2019IEFC contribue toujours \u00e0 cette dynamique par la maintenance du serveur et de l\u2019application Silvalert<\/a> qui a d\u2019ailleurs enregistr\u00e9 de nouveaux rapports spontan\u00e9s de pins d\u00e9p\u00e9rissants par ses utilisateurs en novembre.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Enfin, l\u2019IEFC est en charge de l\u2019animation du comit\u00e9 europ\u00e9en des parties prenantes du projet, r\u00e9unissant des acteurs impliqu\u00e9s dans la surveillance de la sant\u00e9 des for\u00eats en Europe tels que des gestionnaires et propri\u00e9taires forestiers, p\u00e9pini\u00e9ristes, inspecteurs des douanes, d\u00e9cideurs politiques et surtout organismes de protection des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux. Cette approche multi-acteur doit permettre de confronter les avanc\u00e9es du projet aux acteurs de terrain pour s\u2019assurer de la bonne prise en compte de leurs attentes et maximiser l\u2019impact de ces nouveaux outils. La crise du n\u00e9matode en France est donc une nouvelle occasion pour l\u2019IEFC d\u2019exercer une de ses principales missions\u00a0: renforcer les synergies entre recherche et acteurs de terrain pour la r\u00e9silience des for\u00eats cultiv\u00e9es en Europe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Beno\u00eet de Guerry, IEFC<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Christelle Robinet, Nicolas Mariette, Ho\u00ebl Hotte, Marie Grosdidier, Herv\u00e9 Jactel et al. Invasion risk of the pine wood nematode in France. The Future Prospect of Management Strategy on Pine Wilt Disease, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), South Korea, Oct 2023, Seoul (Korea), South Korea. hal-04277094<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

D\u00edaz, R., Frade, S. Situation actuelle du n\u00e9matode du pin en Galice (Espagne). IEFC, newsletter juin 2025. https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/fr\/current-scenario-of-the-pine-wood-nematode-in-galicia-spain\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Direction r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019alimentation, de l\u2019agriculture et de la for\u00eat. Arr\u00eat\u00e9 relatif \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019une zone r\u00e9glement\u00e9e suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9tection de Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, N\u00e9matode du Pin, dans le d\u00e9partement des Landes. 4 Novembre 2025. https:\/\/draaf.nouvelle-aquitaine.agriculture.gouv.fr\/IMG\/pdf\/ap_raa_33_special_no2025-286.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Gonz\u00e1lez-Moreno, Pablo & An\u0111elkovi\u0107, Ana & Adriaens, Tim & Botella, Christophe & Demetriou, Jakovos & Bastos, Rita & Bertolino, Sandro & L\u00f3pez Ca\u00f1izares, Celia & Essl, Franz & Fiser, Ziva & Glavendeki\u0107, Milka & Herremans, Marc & Hulme, Philip & Jani, Viola & Katsada, Dimitra & Kleitou, Periklis & La Porta, Nicola & Lapin, Katharina & L\u00f3pez-Darias, Marta & Pocock, Michael. (2024). Citizen science platforms can effectively support early detection of invasive alien species according to species traits. People and Nature. 7. 278-294. 10.1002\/pan3.10767<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 3 novembre 2025, le n\u00e9matode du pin (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement d\u00e9tect\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois en France. Cette premi\u00e8re d\u00e9tection est situ\u00e9e dans un peuplement de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":29549,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIntroduction du n\u00e9matode du pin en France\u00a0: que peut faire la recherche\u00a0? - 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