{"id":19429,"date":"2024-10-02T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T07:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=19429"},"modified":"2025-03-25T14:17:23","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T13:17:23","slug":"worldwide-tree-pulling-database-hosted-by-iefc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/fr\/worldwide-tree-pulling-database-hosted-by-iefc\/","title":{"rendered":"Base de donn\u00e9es mondiale sur la stabilit\u00e9 des arbres h\u00e9berg\u00e9e par l’IEFC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Barry Gardiner et Suraj Kanwar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette base de donn\u00e9es rassemble les donn\u00e9es des exp\u00e9riences d’arrachage d’arbres men\u00e9es par un grand nombre de coll\u00e8gues dans le monde entier. \u00c0 ce jour, nous disposons de plus de 3 000 lignes de donn\u00e9es sur la r\u00e9sistance des arbres provenant de 10 pays. Les pays concern\u00e9s sont le Canada, le Danemark, la Finlande, la France, la Lettonie, la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande, le Japon, l’Espagne, le Royaume-Uni et les \u00c9tats-Unis. Les utilisateurs enregistr\u00e9s peuvent t\u00e9l\u00e9charger les donn\u00e9es, ajouter de nouvelles donn\u00e9es ou r\u00e9viser les donn\u00e9es existantes. Chaque contributeur reste propri\u00e9taire de ses donn\u00e9es. Les donn\u00e9es sont accessibles \u00e0 l’adresse suivante pour les personnes ayant demand\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un compte : https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/infrastructures\/infrastructures-numeriques\/tree-pulling-database\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les donn\u00e9es obligatoires \u00e0 t\u00e9l\u00e9charger dans la base de donn\u00e9es sont les suivantes : \u00ab\u00a0propri\u00e9taire des donn\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0identifiant unique de l’arbre\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0essence de l’arbre\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0pays\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0diam\u00e8tre de l’arbre \u00e0 hauteur de poitrine (dbh)<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, \u00ab\u00a0hauteur de l’arbre\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0sol\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0latitude\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0longitude\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0moment de rotation total\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0mode d’endommagement (rupture ou renversement)\u00a0\u00bb. D’autres donn\u00e9es peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9es ; elles sont d\u00e9taill\u00e9es dans le manuel de t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’arrachage des arbres au treuil est la principale m\u00e9thode utilis\u00e9e pour d\u00e9terminer leur r\u00e9sistance au d\u00e9racinement d\u00fb au vent. Cette r\u00e9sistance d\u00e9pend de la taille de l’arbre (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e9valu\u00e9e en fonction du poids de la tige, du volume de la tige ou du dbh\u00b2 <\/em>*hauteur), de l’essence, du type de sol et de la profondeur d’enracinement. La m\u00e9thode normale consiste \u00e0 tirer l’arbre \u00e0 l’aide d’un treuil \u00e0 une hauteur d\u00e9termin\u00e9e (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la moiti\u00e9 de la hauteur de l’arbre) en utilisant un treuil attach\u00e9 \u00e0 un arbre d’ancrage (Figure 1). On tire ensuite l’arbre vers l’arbre d’ancrage (Figure 2), le c\u00e2ble de traction \u00e9tant attach\u00e9 \u00e0 l’arbre par une \u00e9lingue en nylon (Figure 3) et des inclinom\u00e8tres \u00e9tant plac\u00e9s \u00e0 la hauteur de traction et \u00e0 la base de l’arbre (Figure 2) afin d’estimer le moment de rotation suppl\u00e9mentaire d\u00fb au d\u00e9placement de la couronne et de la tige. L’arbre est ensuite tir\u00e9 lentement \u00e0 l’aide d’un outil manuel, \u00e9lectrique (Figure 4) ou d’un treuil \u00e0 moteur jusqu’\u00e0 ce qu’il se renverse, et la force maximale appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l’arbre est enregistr\u00e9e. La principale publication sur cette m\u00e9thode est celle de Nicoll et al. (2006), qui peut \u00eatre consult\u00e9e \u00e0 l’adresse suivante :  <\/a>https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1139\/X06-072<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces donn\u00e9es sont ensuite utilis\u00e9es pour analyser la r\u00e9gression entre le poids des tiges (ou le volume des tiges ou le dbh<\/em>2<\/sup> *hauteur<\/em>) et leur r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019arrachage. La pente de cette r\u00e9gression est un param\u00e8tre cl\u00e9 (Creg<\/sub><\/em> ) utilis\u00e9 dans le mod\u00e8le de risque \u00e9olien ForestGALES (Locatelli et al., 2022) qui sert \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer le risque de dommages caus\u00e9s par le vent \u00e0 des peuplements forestiers ou \u00e0 des arbres individuels dans des peuplements ou des groupes d’arbres (Figure 5). Des informations sur le mod\u00e8le ForestGALES sont disponibles \u00e0 l’adresse suivante:<\/a> https:\/\/www.forestresearch.gov.uk\/tools-and-resources\/fthr\/forestgales\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous attendons avec impatience que les chercheurs du monde ajoutent leurs donn\u00e9es \u00e0 la base de donn\u00e9es et acceptent de participer \u00e0 l’analyse de cet ensemble de donn\u00e9es unique. Nous esp\u00e9rons pouvoir d\u00e9terminer des mod\u00e8les de r\u00e9ponse qui permettront d’estimer la r\u00e9sistance des arbres au d\u00e9racinement dans de nouvelles situations (par exemple, de nouvelles esp\u00e8ces ou un nouveau type de sol) sans devoir n\u00e9cessairement effectuer des tests d’arrachage co\u00fbteux et fastidieux. Nous recherchons en particulier des donn\u00e9es sur l’arrachage des dicotyl\u00e9dones et des exp\u00e9riences d’arrachage dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales. Pour contribuer merci de contacter Barry Gardiner ou l\u2019IEFC<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure 1: (a) M\u00e9thode typique de traction d’arbre (A) inclinom\u00e8tres fix\u00e9s \u00e0 la base de l’arbre et \u00e0 mi-hauteur de l’arbre ; (B) cellule de charge ; (C) enregistreur de donn\u00e9es ; (D) treuil motoris\u00e9 attach\u00e9 par une \u00e9lingue en nylon \u00e0 l’arbre d’ancrage ; (E) c\u00e2ble du treuil entre le treuil et une \u00e9lingue en nylon sur l’arbre de traction (F) ; (G) arbre d’ancrage. (b) Mesures utilis\u00e9es pour le calcul du moment critique de rotation : m, masse de l’arbre ; F, force appliqu\u00e9e par le treuil ; d, distance entre l’arbre d’ancrage et l’arbre de traction ; x, d\u00e9placement horizontal de l’arbre de traction ; l, hauteur du centre de masse au moment de la charge maximale ; \u03b81<\/sub> , angle du c\u00e2ble du treuil par rapport \u00e0 l’horizontale ; \u03b82<\/sub> , angle de la base de l’arbre au moment de la charge maximale ; \u03b83<\/sub> , angle de l’arbre au-dessus du point d’attache au moment de la charge maximale. D’apr\u00e8s Nicoll et al. (2006).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figure 2: TArrachage d’un pin radiata (Pinus radiata<\/em>) dans le Pays basque espagnol. Notez les inclinom\u00e8tres fix\u00e9s au tronc (du c\u00f4t\u00e9 oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 l’arrachage pour \u00e9viter tout dommage lors de la chute de l’arbre).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figure 3: Fixation du c\u00e2ble de traction \u00e0 l’arbre en question \u00e0 l’aide d’une \u00e9lingue en nylon. Un inclinom\u00e8tre est visible juste en dessous du point de traction.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figure 4: Syst\u00e8me de treuil \u00e9lectrique personnalis\u00e9 pour l’arrachage d’arbres utilisant un treuil t\u00e9l\u00e9command\u00e9 \u00e0 partir d’un v\u00e9hicule 4×4. Con\u00e7u par Didier Garrigou INRAE, Bordeaux.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Figure 5: R\u00e9gressions entre le poids de la tige et le moment de rotation (r\u00e9sistance maximale au d\u00e9racinement) pour l’\u00e9pic\u00e9a de Sitka (Picea sitchensis) <\/em>sur une gamme de types de sol et de profondeurs d’enracinement. D’apr\u00e8s Nicoll et al. (2006).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Locatelli, T., Hale, S., Nicoll, B., & Gardiner, B. (2022). The ForestGALES wind risk model and the fgr R package<\/em> (Vol. 1). https:\/\/www.forestresearch.gov.uk\/tools-and-resources\/fthr\/forestgales\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nicoll, B. C., Gardiner, B. A., Rayner, B., & Peace, A. J. (2006). Anchorage of coniferous trees in relation to species, soil type, and rooting depth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research<\/em>, 36<\/em>(7), 1871\u20131883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/x06-072<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Barry Gardiner et Suraj Kanwar Cette base de donn\u00e9es rassemble les donn\u00e9es des exp\u00e9riences d’arrachage d’arbres men\u00e9es par un grand nombre de coll\u00e8gues dans le monde entier. \u00c0 ce jour, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":19575,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[237,230],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abiotic","category-risk-management"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBase de donn\u00e9es mondiale sur la stabilit\u00e9 des arbres h\u00e9berg\u00e9e par l'IEFC - 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