{"id":12775,"date":"2023-07-12T10:46:26","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T08:46:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=12775"},"modified":"2023-11-17T14:12:55","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T13:12:55","slug":"assessment-of-the-comfor-project-and-future-prospects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/fr\/assessment-of-the-comfor-project-and-future-prospects\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilan du projet COMFOR et perspectives \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Apr\u00e8s plus de 3 ans de travail collaboratif sur le sujet des for\u00eats complexes et m\u00e9lang\u00e9es, le projet <a href=\"https:\/\/www.comfor-sudoe.eu\/\">COMFOR-SUDOE<\/a> r\u00e9unissant 9 partenaires du Portugal, de l\u2019Espagne et de la France s\u2019est cl\u00f4tur\u00e9 le 13 Avril 2023 lors d\u2019un symposium final tenu au Mus\u00e9e National des Sciences Naturelles de Madrid (coordinateur du projet). Cette conf\u00e9rence et cet article sont ainsi l\u2019occasion de faire le point sur les r\u00e9sultats cl\u00e9s du projet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">On d\u00e9finit tout d\u2019abord les for\u00eats complexes par une h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de structure, que ce soit par la diversit\u00e9 des essences en m\u00e9lange ou par la diversit\u00e9 des classes d\u2019\u00e2ges. C\u2019est cette diversit\u00e9 taxonomique et structurelle qui rend ces for\u00eats plus r\u00e9silientes, fournissant des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques de meilleures qualit\u00e9s et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019une plus grande acceptabilit\u00e9 sociale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\"><b><span style=\"mso-ansi-language:\nFR\">Mieux identifier et caract\u00e9riser les for\u00eats complexes<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Le projet s\u2019est d\u2019abord attel\u00e9 \u00e0 mieux identifier et caract\u00e9riser les for\u00eats complexes en Europe par l\u2019utilisation des bases de donn\u00e9es accessibles ou d\u2019outils de t\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection. L\u2019utilisation des Inventaires Forestiers Nationaux auront permis de d\u00e9velopper une typologie foresti\u00e8re bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019organisation verticale des essences foresti\u00e8res, ou bien de mieux d\u00e9crire les for\u00eats m\u00e9lang\u00e9es au Portugal. Grace \u00e0 ce travail, la simple connaissance de la surface terri\u00e8re permettrait alors de pr\u00e9dire l\u2019effet du m\u00e9lange sur une essence donn\u00e9e. Par exemple, l\u2019Eucalyptus pr\u00e9f\u00e9rera grandir seul car sa surface terri\u00e8re lorsqu\u2019il se trouve en m\u00e9lange est en moyenne inf\u00e9rieure a celle observ\u00e9e dans une plantation pure \u00e0 densit\u00e9 \u00e9quivalente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Le LIDAR est \u00e9galement prometteur pour caract\u00e9riser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la structure foresti\u00e8re (couvert de la canop\u00e9e, hauteur, forme du houpier, composition, densit\u00e9, classe d\u2019\u00e2ge, \u2026) jusqu\u2019\u00e0 une reconstruction 3D en nuage de point des peuplements. En Espagne ou l\u2019int\u00e9gration du risque incendie manque souvent aux plans de gestion foresti\u00e8re, une cartographie du combustible par image satellite peut permettre d\u2019identifier les points critiques \u00e0 traiter en priorit\u00e9 dans le paysage vis \u00e0 vis du risque incendie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\"><strong>Mieux d\u00e9crire les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices des for\u00eats complexes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">La diversit\u00e9 des essences foresti\u00e8res s\u2019accompagne d\u2019une plus grande r\u00e9sistance de la for\u00eat face aux risques abiotiques. Les plantations en m\u00e9lange subissent en moyenne 23% de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts en moins compar\u00e9s aux parcelles pures. D\u2019un point de vue pratique, plus le m\u00e9lange est intime et plus l\u2019effet de protection sera puissant. Les associations de feuillus et de r\u00e9sineux montrent les meilleures performances gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des traits fonctionnels contrast\u00e9s. Il suffit \u00e9galement de diversifier 25% de la surface terri\u00e8re par une seconde essence pour obtenir un effet de stabilisation de la productivit\u00e9. Cet effet s\u2019explique par l\u2019asynchronie de croissance des esp\u00e8ces, le potentiel gain absolu de productivit\u00e9 et une meilleure r\u00e9partition des risques biotiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">De mani\u00e8re plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, ces bien et services fournies par les for\u00eats complexes \u00e0 la population sont la base de l\u2019approche fond\u00e9e sur le capital naturel qui offre des opportunit\u00e9s tels que le paiement pour les services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques, l\u2019analyse co\u00fbt\/b\u00e9n\u00e9fice, l\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques, etc. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.conama11.vsf.es\/conama10\/download\/files\/conama2022\/CT%202022\/10008095.pdf\">Un guide<\/a> pour l\u2019application du syst\u00e8me de comptabilisation du capital naturel dans les for\u00eats complexes du SUDOE est mis \u00e0 disposition par Ecoacsa, en espagnol uniquement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\"><strong>Infrastructure de long-terme \u00e0 vocation scientifique et p\u00e9dagogique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Le projet a surtout \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s fructueux pour l\u2019initiation de r\u00e9seaux de coop\u00e9ration trans-nationaux cherchant \u00e0 s\u2019inscrire dans le temps long. On retiendra particuli\u00e8rement les dispositifs nomm\u00e9s COMFOR et FORMIX, pr\u00e9sentant une approche m\u00e9thodologique similaire mais aux champs d\u2019application compl\u00e9mentaire dans l\u2019\u00e9tude des for\u00eats complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">-Dans le cas d\u2019une for\u00eat mature que vous souhaiteriez diversifier progressivement, le r\u00e9seau COMFOR propose une m\u00e9thodologie de r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration par trou\u00e9e pour accro\u00eetre la complexit\u00e9 structurelle et fonctionnelle. Une nouvelle essence est install\u00e9e par plantation dans les trou\u00e9es tout en maintenant des arbres de r\u00e9serves. Pour int\u00e9grer le r\u00e9seau, il faut suivre le protocole demandant de faire varier la taille des trou\u00e9es, de conserver un t\u00e9moin sans plantation dans les trou\u00e9es, et d\u2019\u00e9valuer les performances de la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration selon les diff\u00e9rentes modalit\u00e9s. Actuellement, le dispositif est compos\u00e9 de 3 sites exp\u00e9rimentaux en Espagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">-Dans le cas d\u2019un renouvellement par plantation en gestion r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, le <strong>r\u00e9seau FORMIX<\/strong> propose une m\u00e9thodologie pour tester des m\u00e9langes d\u2019essences qui soient adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 la fili\u00e8re foresti\u00e8re locale. Pour int\u00e9grer le r\u00e9seau, il faut suivre le protocole demandant de tester diff\u00e9rentes modalit\u00e9s de m\u00e9lange, de conserver des t\u00e9moins de chaque essence en monoculture, et d\u2019\u00e9valuer les performances de la plantation en termes de productivit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9silience. Actuellement, le dispositif est compos\u00e9 de 6 sites exp\u00e9rimentaux (3 en France, 2 en Espagne et 1 au Portugal). L\u2019IEFC coordonne avec l\u2019INRAE ce r\u00e9seau et nous vous invitons \u00e0 consulter le <a href=\"https:\/\/formix.plantedforests.org\/\">site web<\/a> d\u00e9di\u00e9 pour en savoir plus. La rigueur du protocole et la comparabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats entre sites permettront de trouver les meilleures pratiques de plantation en m\u00e9lange facilement adoptable par la fili\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Ainsi, notre implication sur le sujet des for\u00eats m\u00e9lang\u00e9es va se poursuivre dans la gestion de ce r\u00e9seau exp\u00e9rimental trans-national ambitieux et qui pourra int\u00e9resser tous les partenaires IEFC, que ce soit en implantant vos propres essais selon un protocole cadr\u00e9, en menant vos propres collectes de donn\u00e9es dans des parcelles exp\u00e9rimentales ou en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9colt\u00e9es.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#575756\"><em>Beno\u00eet de Guerry, Ing\u00e9nieur forestier, IEFC<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apr\u00e8s plus de 3 ans de travail collaboratif sur le sujet des for\u00eats complexes et m\u00e9lang\u00e9es, le projet COMFOR-SUDOE r\u00e9unissant 9 partenaires du Portugal, de l\u2019Espagne et de la France [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":12842,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[308,235,27,234],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2023-august","category-forest-management","category-iefc-newsletter","category-sustainability"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"fr","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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