{"id":5780,"date":"2022-03-09T09:13:12","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T08:13:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iefc.net\/?p=5780"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:36:18","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:36:18","slug":"pine-wood-nematode-december-iufro-expert-groups-conclusion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/es\/pine-wood-nematode-december-iufro-expert-groups-conclusion\/","title":{"rendered":"Nematodo de la madera del pino: conclusi\u00f3n de los grupos de expertos de la IUFRO de diciembre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"171\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-general-1024x171.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-general-1024x171.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-general-300x50.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-general-150x25.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-general-768x128.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-general-1536x256.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-general-1320x220.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Bandeau-general.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>El pasado mes de diciembre la <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iufro.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">IUFRO <\/a>organiz\u00f3 el <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/symposium.inrae.fr\/pwd2020\/\" target=\"_blank\">simposio internacional de la IUFRO sobre la enfermedad del marchitamiento del pino<\/a> (\u00abPWD2020\u00bb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Este evento fue una oportunidad para debatir sobre el nematodo de la madera del pino y sus da\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El nematodo de la madera del pino, <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/em>, originario de Norteam\u00e9rica, fue introducido accidentalmente en Asia, donde causa graves da\u00f1os. Los da\u00f1os presumiblemente debidos a la infecci\u00f3n por el nematodo se produjeron en Jap\u00f3n en 1905, y luego el nematodo se detect\u00f3 realmente unos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s. A continuaci\u00f3n, el nematodo se detect\u00f3 en China en 1982, en la isla de Taiw\u00e1n en 1985 y en Corea en 1988. Se detect\u00f3 por primera vez en Europa en 1999 cerca de Lisboa, en Portugal, y desde entonces se ha extendido a casi todo el pa\u00eds, incluida la isla portuguesa de Madeira en 2009, pero tambi\u00e9n se ha detectado en diferentes lugares de Espa\u00f1a y ha sido erradicado cada vez, desde 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La comunidad cient\u00edfica estudia este nematodo pat\u00f3geno invasor, su insecto vector (<em>Monochamus<\/em> spp.), la susceptibilidad de los pinos, as\u00ed como los hongos y bacterias asociados. Esto requiere enfoques multidisciplinarios que re\u00fanan a expertos en nematolog\u00eda, entomolog\u00eda, resistencia de los \u00e1rboles, ecolog\u00eda, gen\u00e9tica y modelizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En la actualidad, el nematodo de la madera del pino sigue extendi\u00e9ndose por todo el mundo. Por ejemplo, se han detectado nuevas infestaciones en Espa\u00f1a (y est\u00e1n siendo erradicadas) y sigue extendi\u00e9ndose en China. Pero, al mismo tiempo, hay resultados alentadores: en Portugal, gracias a los esfuerzos de contenci\u00f3n, no se encontr\u00f3 ning\u00fan nematodo de la madera del pino en la zona de amortiguaci\u00f3n establecida a lo largo de la frontera con Espa\u00f1a, y la Rep\u00fablica de Corea inform\u00f3 de una disminuci\u00f3n de la aparici\u00f3n del nematodo de la madera del pino y un \u00e9xito relativamente bueno en la contenci\u00f3n de la propagaci\u00f3n con un conjunto de medidas de control y vigilancia. Adem\u00e1s, los da\u00f1os causados por el marchitamiento del pino parecen cesar de forma natural en algunas localidades del noreste de Jap\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En el simposio tambi\u00e9n se destac\u00f3 el papel de los puertos en el riesgo de introducci\u00f3n, la importancia del programa de mejora gen\u00e9tica para proporcionar un conjunto de familias resistentes o tolerantes de <em>Pinus pinaster<\/em>, se presentaron las interacciones entre el nematodo, el insecto vector, los \u00e1rboles hospedadores, los hongos y las bacterias y, por \u00faltimo, el perfeccionamiento de las herramientas de vigilancia (dise\u00f1o de trampas y se\u00f1uelos, vigilancia a\u00e9rea con im\u00e1genes de sat\u00e9lite o de drones para detectar los \u00e1rboles en declive) y la necesidad de formar a los trabajadores forestales para que apliquen las mejores pr\u00e1cticas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Para evitar el establecimiento de la enfermedad del marchitamiento del pino, es esencial realizar una encuesta cuidadosa en los puntos calientes de entrada (es decir, puertos y aeropuertos) para detectar los signos de la presencia de insectos-vectores ex\u00f3ticos en los productos b\u00e1sicos y la detecci\u00f3n temprana de \u00e1rboles marchitos en las zonas forestales de con\u00edferas circundantes. Una cuesti\u00f3n clave es romper la cadena antes de que sea demasiado tarde. La captura de escarabajos inmaduros infestados ser\u00eda importante para evitar la transmisi\u00f3n del nematodo de la madera del pino, pero es necesario seguir investigando ya que, hasta ahora, no responden a los cebos disponibles. La posibilidad de que haya \u00e1rboles asintom\u00e1ticos (latentes) tambi\u00e9n parece muy importante para tener en cuenta el \u00e9xito de la gesti\u00f3n de los nematodos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se pueden encontrar m\u00e1s detalles e informaci\u00f3n en el sitio web de la IUFRO <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iufro.org\/science\/divisions\/division-7\/70000\/70200\/70210\/activities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.iufro.org\/science\/divisions\/division-7\/70000\/70200\/70210\/activities\/<\/a> y en el sitio web del simposio: https:\/\/symposium.inrae.fr\/pwd2020\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El pasado mes de diciembre la IUFRO organiz\u00f3 el simposio internacional de la IUFRO sobre la enfermedad del marchitamiento del pino (\u00abPWD2020\u00bb). Este evento fue una oportunidad para debatir sobre [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":5781,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[236,230],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotic","category-risk-management"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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