{"id":4684,"date":"2021-03-11T14:52:24","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T13:52:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iefc.net\/?p=4684"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:36:34","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:36:34","slug":"reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/es\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/","title":{"rendered":"Arboretos REINFFORCE: Dispositivos centinelas frente a pat\u00f3genos a escala europea."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4695\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/reinfforce-5-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-4695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-5-1-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"427\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"4696\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/reinfforce-arboretums-sentinel-devices-against-pathogens-at-the-european-level\/reinfforce-2s-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-4696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-1.jpg 427w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-1-100x150.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/REINFFORCE-2s-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre los a\u00f1os 2011 y 2013 gracias al proyecto REINFFORCE del programa Interreg \u00c1rea Atl\u00e1ntica, se establecieron a lo largo de la fachada atl\u00e1ntica europea (desde Escocia hasta Portugal) una colecci\u00f3n de 38 arboretos con diferentes procedencias de 32 especies forestales distintas. El objetivo era observar su crecimiento, su fenolog\u00eda y la afecci\u00f3n que diferentes enfermedades y plagas pudieran tener sobre ellas en diferentes climas europeos para conocer su posible comportamiento futuro. La idea era, en el contexto de Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, cambiar la variable tiempo por la variable espacio, siendo conscientes de que el clima futuro en algunas regiones europeas ser\u00e1 similar al que otras regiones del continente tienen en la actualidad. En el Pa\u00eds Vasco se establecieron 5 arboretos: uno en Albina (Araba), otro en Irisasi (Gipuzkoa) y tres en Unbemendi (Bizkaia). Entre los a\u00f1os 2018 y 2019 hubo un gran brote de las enfermedades causadas por <em>Lecanosticta acicola<\/em> (Brown spot needle blight) y <em>Dothistroma septosporum<\/em> y <em>D. pini<\/em> (red band needle blight) en masas forestales de pino radiata (<em>Pinus radiata<\/em>) y pino laricio (<em>Pinus nigra<\/em>) en el Pa\u00eds Vasco. Recientemente se observ\u00f3 que algunos de los pinos plantados en los arboretos de REINFFORCE de esta regi\u00f3n presentaban s\u00edntomas de defoliaci\u00f3n y decoloraci\u00f3n compatibles con estas enfermedades. Por ese motivo, entre 2019 y 2020 se estudi\u00f3 la sensibilidad a las bandas de diferentes procedencias de algunas de las especies de pino plantadas en estos arboretos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En los tres arboretos se hab\u00edan establecido entre 3 y 11 procedencias de las mismas ocho especies de pinos lo que supon\u00edan un total de 42 procedencias. \u00c9stas eran 4 procedencias de <em>P. brutia<\/em> Ten. (Alexandropolis, Greece; Marmaris, Turkey; Taurus, Turkey; var. eldarica, Crimea), 2 de <em>P. elliottii <\/em>Engelm. (Georgia, USA; Louisiana, USA), 9 de <em>P. nigra<\/em> Arnold (Cazorla Alcaraz, Spain; Les Barnes Sivens, France; Sistema Iberico Meridional, Spain; Slogne Vayri\u00e8res, France; subsp. laricio var. corsican, Haute Serre seed tree orchard, France; subsp. salzmannii, Soria, Spain; subsp. laricio var. calabrica, Les Barnes-Sivens, France; subsp. salzmannii \u2013 ES07b \u2013 Sistema Iberico Meridional, Sur de Cuenca, Spain), 7 de <em>P. pinaster<\/em> Ait. (Cordal de Loba, Spain; Leiria, Portugal; Mimizan, Landes, France; Picard, Lande Corse, France; Serrania de Cuenca, Spain; Sierra de Gredos, Spain; Tamjout, Morocco), 6 de <em>P. pinea<\/em> L. (Italy; R\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne, France; Valles del Tietar and Alberche, Spain; Vendas Novas, Portugal; ES A \u2013 Biar \u2013 Spain; Malaga &#8211; Spain), 3 de <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> Douglas ex C. Lawson (Oregon, USA; Southern Rockies, USA; Central California, USA), 8 de P. sylvestris L. (ES10 \u2013 Sierra de Guadarrama \u2013 Spain; 5, Severozapadna \u2013 Slovakia; Turkey; Pinhal da Pedra Bela \u2013 Portugal; Scotland &#8211; UK (204); Taborz, Polland Haute Serre &#8211; French Seeds Orchard; ES12 \u2013 Montes Universales \u2013 Spain; Haguenau Vayriere &#8211; France) y 3 de <em>P. taeda<\/em> L. (Hardiness Zone Georgia Seed Orchard \u2013 USA; Southern California \u2013 USA; Virginia \u2013 USA). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los \u00e1rboles se inspeccionaron visualmente en la primavera de 2019-2020 en busca de s\u00edntomas. Se tomaron muestras de ac\u00edculas y se realizaron aislamientos, cuando fue posible. Se realizar\u00f3n an\u00e1lisis moleculares tanto de \u00e1rboles con s\u00edntomas como de \u00e1rboles que no los presentaban y se realizaron pruebas PCR (PCR, RTPCR y secuenciaci\u00f3n) para determinar la presencia de <em>L. acicola<\/em>, <em>D. septospurum<\/em> y <em>D. pini<\/em>. Un total de 113 pinos mostraron s\u00edntomas de la enfermedad; 42 en Albina, 18 en Irisasi y 53 en Umbemendi. <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> fue, con mucho, la especie con las detecciones m\u00e1s positivas (68%) seguida de <em>P. brutia<\/em> (38%), <em>P. nigra<\/em> (12%) y <em>P. elliottii<\/em> (7,7%). <em>P. pinaster<\/em>, <em>P. pinea<\/em>, <em>P. sylvestris<\/em> y <em>P. taeda<\/em> <em>no presentaron s\u00edntomas en los tres arboretos<\/em>. De los 113 \u00e1rboles muestreados, 23 dieron positivo para <em>L. acicola<\/em> o <em>D. septosporum<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A diferencia de resultados anteriores no se encontr\u00f3 m\u00e1s de una especie pat\u00f3gena infectando un \u00e1rbol. Eugenia Iturritxa, Nebai Mesanza y M\u00f3nica Hern\u00e1ndez \u00a0reportan <em>la detecci\u00f3n de Lecanosticta acicola en Pinus brutia<\/em> (Alexandropolis, Grecia y var. Eldarica, Crimea), siendo una nueva especie hospedadora de este pat\u00f3geno a escala global. Por primera vez en Espa\u00f1a, <em>L. acicola<\/em> se encontr\u00f3 en <em>P. elliottii<\/em> (Georgia, EE. UU.) y <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> (Central California, EE. UU<em>.). Dothistroma septosporum<\/em> se encontr\u00f3 en <em>P. brutia<\/em> (Marmaris, Turqu\u00eda), <em>P. ponderosa<\/em> ( Oreg\u00f3n, EE. UU.) y <em>P. nigra<\/em> (Slogne Vayri\u00e8res, Francia). Los arboretos de REINFFORCE son unas herramientas muy valiosas como dispositivos centinelas en la detecci\u00f3n de procedencias forestales sensibles a nuevos pat\u00f3genos as\u00ed como a pat\u00f3genos existentes coom propuesto en <a href=\"https:\/\/homed-project.eu\/\">HOMED.<\/a> A la luz de estos resultados, es posible comenzar a elegir procedencias de especies de inter\u00e9s en las que las enfermedades no puedan comprometer su desarrollo en diferentes regiones europeas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>por: Dr. Ander Arias Gonzales (NEIKER)<\/em><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Entre los a\u00f1os 2011 y 2013 gracias al proyecto REINFFORCE del programa Interreg \u00c1rea Atl\u00e1ntica, se establecieron a lo largo de la fachada atl\u00e1ntica europea (desde Escocia hasta Portugal) una colecci\u00f3n de 38 arboretos con diferentes procedencias de 32 especies forestales distintas. El objetivo era observar su crecimiento, su fenolog\u00eda y la afecci\u00f3n que diferentes enfermedades y plagas pudieran tener sobre ellas en diferentes climas europeos para conocer su posible comportamiento futuro. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":4704,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,236,27,230],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives","category-biotic","category-iefc-newsletter","category-risk-management"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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