{"id":3439,"date":"2020-04-10T16:50:50","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T14:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iefc.net\/?p=3439"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:37:22","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T09:37:22","slug":"genetics-to-the-rescue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/es\/genetics-to-the-rescue\/","title":{"rendered":"La gen\u00e9tica al rescate"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gesti\u00f3n sostenible de los bosques en un mundo cambiante – Una conferencia para concluir GenTree
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Miembros del proyecto GENTREE frente a la Universidad de Avi\u00f1\u00f3n
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

El proyecto GENTREE<\/a>, de cuatro a\u00f1os de duraci\u00f3n, ten\u00eda por objeto mejorar la gesti\u00f3n de los recursos gen\u00e9ticos, mejorar el conocimiento de las diversidades existentes y caracterizar el material gen\u00e9tico disponible.<\/p>\n

Este trabajo ser\u00e1 utilizado para planificar la conservaci\u00f3n de los recursos gen\u00e9ticos a nivel europeo y para apoyar los programas de mejora. La mayor parte de los esfuerzos se han dedicado a la toma de muestras de ADN e informaci\u00f3n fenol\u00f3gica de especies arb\u00f3reas comunes de inter\u00e9s en toda Europa: Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris, Populus nigra, Quercus petraea, Abies alba, Pinus cembra, Pinus halepensis, Pinus nigra y Taxus baccata. La mayor\u00eda de las presentaciones realizadas en la conferencia final ten\u00edan como objetivo identificar la capacidad de varias especies\/provincias\/familias para hacer frente al clima futuro suponiendo que sea m\u00e1s seco y\/o m\u00e1s c\u00e1lido.<\/p>\n

Durante su discurso de apertura, el coordinador del proyecto, Bruno Fady, record\u00f3 que la diversidad es un componente clave de la resiliencia de los ecosistemas forestales y que es necesario evaluarla no s\u00f3lo entre las especies sino tambi\u00e9n dentro de las poblaciones de especies arb\u00f3reas.<\/p>\n

Numerosos estudios gen\u00e9ticos sobre todas las especies enumeradas anteriormente han llegado a la conclusi\u00f3n de que los determinantes gen\u00e9ticos que explican la capacidad de adaptaci\u00f3n de los \u00e1rboles individuales son complejos; al mismo tiempo, hay una gran parte del genoma con muchos loci implicados en los procesos que explican la buena capacidad de adaptaci\u00f3n de los individuos y, al mismo tiempo, la plasticidad y las caracter\u00edsticas del sitio pueden hacer que la interpretaci\u00f3n sea muy compleja. Por consiguiente, el v\u00ednculo entre la diversidad gen\u00e9tica y la capacidad de adaptaci\u00f3n no est\u00e1 tan claro. Por ejemplo, un estudio griego que analiz\u00f3 muestras de todas las especies de GENTREE lleg\u00f3 a la conclusi\u00f3n de que el Pinus pinea con la menor diversidad gen\u00e9tica es la especie m\u00e1s pl\u00e1stica en el gran gradiente clim\u00e1tico estudiado. Algunos estudios tambi\u00e9n confirmaron que la estructura gen\u00e9tica de la poblaci\u00f3n estaba condicionada por la velocidad y la v\u00eda de recolonizaci\u00f3n despu\u00e9s de las glaciaciones, pero tambi\u00e9n por la buena heterogeneidad local de los sitios, especialmente en las zonas monta\u00f1osas, donde los sitios c\u00e1lidos y secos pueden ser utilizados para seleccionar poblaciones interesantes.<\/p>\n

Con respecto a la resistencia a las enfermedades bi\u00f3ticas, en una presentaci\u00f3n centrada en el fresno se lleg\u00f3 a la conclusi\u00f3n de que el enriquecimiento asistido de la poblaci\u00f3n con pl\u00e1ntulas de genotipos tolerantes podr\u00eda mejorar significativamente la resistencia de las masas afectadas por la p\u00e9rdida del fresno.<\/p>\n

Un estudio basado en el IFN (Inventario Forestal Nacional) realizado por A. Changenet sobre la mortalidad de los \u00e1rboles demostr\u00f3 que, para todas las especies, el mayor da\u00f1o se produc\u00eda en el l\u00edmite del \u00e1rea de distribuci\u00f3n, pero que, no obstante, estaba presente en toda la zona de distribuci\u00f3n de las especies, lo que pon\u00eda en tela de juicio la teor\u00eda de una simple desaparici\u00f3n de las especies en el l\u00edmite sur.<\/p>\n

Uno de los grupos de tareas del proyecto se centr\u00f3 m\u00e1s en las medidas adoptadas en los pa\u00edses para evaluar la percepci\u00f3n y el beneficio del trabajo gen\u00e9tico para la sociedad.<\/p>\n

Marcus Lindner hizo una presentaci\u00f3n en la que mostr\u00f3 que los actores tienen poco conocimiento de todas las medidas de apoyo a la adaptaci\u00f3n en sus pa\u00edses y que cuando hay alg\u00fan conocimiento, se considera insuficiente. Concluy\u00f3 diciendo que para una adaptaci\u00f3n satisfactoria de los bosques europeos al cambio clim\u00e1tico, es necesario comprender mejor el v\u00ednculo entre las pr\u00e1cticas de gesti\u00f3n y la din\u00e1mica de los recursos gen\u00e9ticos forestales en el contexto del cambio clim\u00e1tico. Es necesario comunicar esta comprensi\u00f3n a los agentes y los encargados de adoptar decisiones a diferentes niveles, desde los servicios pr\u00e1cticos de ordenaci\u00f3n forestal hasta la aplicaci\u00f3n de las pol\u00edticas nacionales.<\/p>\n

La \u00faltima presentaci\u00f3n vers\u00f3 sobre un tema propuesto por el personal del IEFC y destinado a evaluar el beneficio econ\u00f3mico inducido por la mejora gen\u00e9tica a fin de demostrar el alto valor a\u00f1adido de los programas de mejoramiento para los propietarios de bosques. En toda Europa se han observado mejoras gen\u00e9ticas que oscilan entre el 7 y el 40% en el crecimiento del pino silvestre y mar\u00edtimo como resultado de los programas de selecci\u00f3n. Pero al calcular esta mejora en la duraci\u00f3n de la rotaci\u00f3n, los ingresos econ\u00f3micos aumentan mucho m\u00e1s: hasta un 60 o 160% dependiendo de los sitios y las estrategias de gesti\u00f3n consideradas.<\/p>\n

Todos los videos de las presentaciones se encuentran disponibles online<\/a>, as\u00ed como los posters<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Autor: Christophe Orazio (IEFC)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gesti\u00f3n sostenible de los bosques en un mundo cambiante – Una conferencia para concluir GenTree Miembros del proyecto GENTREE frente a la Universidad de Avi\u00f1\u00f3n El proyecto GENTREE, de cuatro […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,231,229,232,241,27],"tags":[18,105,11,26,114,110,23,111,115,102,24,12,22,109,101,112,103,25,13,19,20,21,14,15,99,100,116,113,104],"class_list":["post-3439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives","category-climate-change","category-genetic-ressources","category-adaptation","category-breeding","category-iefc-newsletter","tag-abies-alba","tag-amelioration","tag-betula-pendula","tag-breeding","tag-conservacao","tag-conservacion","tag-conservation","tag-diversidad","tag-diversidade","tag-diversite","tag-diversity","tag-fagus-sylvatica","tag-genetic","tag-genetica","tag-genetique","tag-microeconomia","tag-microeconomie","tag-microeconomy","tag-picea-abies","tag-pinus-cembra","tag-pinus-halepensis","tag-pinus-nigra-and-taxus-baccata","tag-pinus-pinaster","tag-pinus-sylvestris","tag-populus-nigra","tag-quercus-petraea","tag-seleccao","tag-seleccion","tag-selection"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa gen\u00e9tica al rescate - 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