{"id":29980,"date":"2026-01-27T09:30:42","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/?p=29980"},"modified":"2026-01-26T13:17:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T12:17:04","slug":"planted-scots-pine-using-improved-material-without-losing-genetic-base","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantedforests.org\/es\/planted-scots-pine-using-improved-material-without-losing-genetic-base\/","title":{"rendered":"Plantaci\u00f3n de pino silvestre: uso de material mejorado sin perder la base gen\u00e9tica"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n\r\n

Los bosques boreales de con\u00edferas se enfrentan a un estr\u00e9s clim\u00e1tico cada vez mayor que amenaza su productividad y resiliencia. Por ello, en los bosques productivos, la gesti\u00f3n forestal sostenible debe centrarse no solo en la producci\u00f3n de madera, sino tambi\u00e9n en preservar la diversidad gen\u00e9tica, que es la base de la adaptabilidad. El pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris<\/em> L.) es una especie clave en la silvicultura del norte de Europa y ha sido durante mucho tiempo objeto de programas sistem\u00e1ticos de mejora gen\u00e9tica. Comprender c\u00f3mo el uso de material gen\u00e9tico mejorado afecta a la diversidad gen\u00e9tica es esencial para garantizar la estabilidad a largo plazo de los bosques del futuro.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

La investigaci\u00f3n llevada a cabo en el marco del Programa Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n de Letonia n.\u00ba VPP-ZM-VRIIILA-2024\/2-0002 \u00abInnovation in Forest Management and Value Chain for Latvia’s Growth: New Forest Services, Products and Technologies (Forest4LV)\u00bb<\/em> en el Instituto Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal de Letonia \u00abSilava\u00bb abord\u00f3 esta cuesti\u00f3n mediante modelos de simulaci\u00f3n y estudios de campo. Los resultados muestran que el material gen\u00e9ticamente mejorado puede utilizarse para aumentar la productividad sin amenazar la diversidad gen\u00e9tica, siempre que las fuentes de semillas se apliquen de forma equilibrada.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Los an\u00e1lisis de simulaci\u00f3n probaron diferentes estrategias de reforestaci\u00f3n a escala de paisaje, variando tanto la proporci\u00f3n de regeneraci\u00f3n de pino silvestre establecida con material procedente de huertos de semilleros (0-100 %) como el n\u00famero y los clones de los material procedente de huertos de semilleros contribuyentes. Se genotipificaron varios cientos de \u00e1rboles regenerados naturalmente y material procedente de huertos de semilleros (que representaban entre 20 y m\u00e1s de 200 clones por semillero) para utilizarlos como conjunto de datos de simulaci\u00f3n. Los resultados sugieren que, incluso si las masas de pino silvestre plantadas dominan la regeneraci\u00f3n futura, la diversidad gen\u00e9tica a escala de paisaje puede seguir siendo comparable a la de la regeneraci\u00f3n natural, siempre que contribuyan varios huertos con una composici\u00f3n clonal diversa. Incluso cuando se utilizaron semillas del huerto con el menor n\u00famero de clones (20), la heterocigosidad esperada se mantuvo en el 95 % de la de la regeneraci\u00f3n natural pura cuando se plant\u00f3 hasta dos tercios de la superficie total simulada de bosque de pinos.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Los an\u00e1lisis tambi\u00e9n indicaron que los huertos semilleros de segunda generaci\u00f3n, incluso cuando se basan en un n\u00famero menor de clones, pueden mantener una diversidad comparable a la de los huertos de primera generaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s grandes (por ejemplo, 25 frente a 90 clones) cuando sus \u00e1rboles parentales representan una amplia gama geogr\u00e1fica. As\u00ed, tanto el n\u00famero de padres como su origen son cruciales para mantener la adaptabilidad en condiciones cambiantes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Los estudios de campo respaldaron los resultados con pruebas del rendimiento de los material procedente de huertos de semilleros durante el turno. En los ensayos de siembra directa mecanizada en suelos org\u00e1nicos, el material mejorado obtuvo buenos resultados. Los an\u00e1lisis gen\u00e9ticos mostraron que el 87 % de las pl\u00e1ntulas proced\u00edan del huerto semillero seis a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de la siembra, y que estas pl\u00e1ntulas eran m\u00e1s altas y vigorosas, con una ventaja que aumentaba a medida que envejec\u00edan las plantaciones. Esto demuestra que el material semillero mejorado sigue siendo predominante y eficaz para el crecimiento, incluso en entornos dif\u00edciles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Figura 1: Tareas clave de investigaci\u00f3n sobre la diversidad gen\u00e9tica del pino silvestre en el marco del Programa Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal de Letonia (Forest4LV), que combina modelos de simulaci\u00f3n y estudios de campo sobre material reproductivo mejorado.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Los ensayos de progenie a largo plazo proporcionaron una confirmaci\u00f3n adicional a partir de rodales m\u00e1s antiguos. Tras la primera clara comercial a los 30-40 a\u00f1os de edad, en la que se elimin\u00f3 hasta la mitad del \u00e1rea basim\u00e9trica del rodal, se conserv\u00f3 m\u00e1s del 95 % de los genotipos maternos y aument\u00f3 la heredabilidad del crecimiento. As\u00ed, el tratamiento mejor\u00f3 la expresi\u00f3n del potencial gen\u00e9tico sin reducir la base gen\u00e9tica.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

En conjunto, estos estudios demuestran que el pino silvestre gen\u00e9ticamente mejorado puede combinar productividad y diversidad gen\u00e9tica, lo que garantiza su adaptabilidad. El uso de lotes de semillas procedentes de m\u00faltiples huertos a escala de paisaje garantiza que la reforestaci\u00f3n a gran escala con material mejorado refuerce, en lugar de reducir, la resiliencia de los bosques futuros.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Pauls Zelti\u0146\u0161<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre el proyecto de investigaci\u00f3n: www.silava.lv<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los bosques boreales de con\u00edferas se enfrentan a un estr\u00e9s clim\u00e1tico cada vez mayor que amenaza su productividad y resiliencia. Por ello, en los bosques productivos, la gesti\u00f3n forestal sostenible […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":29896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[229,245],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genetic-ressources","category-biodiversity"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"es","enabled_languages":["gb","fr","es","pt"],"languages":{"gb":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPlantaci\u00f3n de pino silvestre: uso de material mejorado sin perder la base gen\u00e9tica - 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